7.3.2 Speciation

• The outcome of speciation is the formation of new species


  True
• What is the primary mechanism driving sympatric speciation?

  Genetic or behavioral changes
• Geographic isolation prevents gene flow between populations.
• Speciation occurs when populations become reproductively isolated
• What is polyploidy, and how does it contribute to sympatric speciation?

  Doubles chromosome number, preventing interbreeding
• Sympatric speciation requires geographic isolation

  False
• What is speciation?

  New species arise from pre-existing species
• Match the type of speciation with its definition:

  Allopatric Speciation ↔️ Speciation due to geographic isolation

  Sympatric Speciation ↔️ Speciation within a continuous population
• Geographic barriers are a key factor in allopatric speciation


  True
• Match the type of speciation with its defining characteristic:

  Allopatric Speciation ↔️ Geographic barriers cause isolation

  Sympatric Speciation ↔️ Genetic or behavioral changes cause isolation
• In allopatric speciation, gene flow is prevented by geographic barriers.
• How can genetic changes lead to reproductive isolation in sympatric speciation?

  Polyploidy or mutations prevent interbreeding
• How does natural selection drive speciation?

  Environmental conditions favor different traits
• Speciation occurs when populations become reproductively isolated
• Geographic barriers prevent interbreeding between isolated populations
• Steps of allopatric speciation

  1️⃣ Geographic Isolation

  2️⃣ Genetic Divergence

  3️⃣ Reproductive Isolation
• Polyploidy results in a doubling of chromosome number
• Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are an example of speciation driven by geographic barriers
• Reproductive isolation is the key driver of speciation in both allopatric and sympatric processes.


  True
• Speciation occurs when populations become reproductively isolated
• Allopatric speciation occurs when populations become geographically isolated
• Steps in allopatric speciation

  1️⃣ Geographic Isolation

  2️⃣ Genetic Divergence

  3️⃣ Reproductive Isolation
• What role does genetic drift play in allopatric speciation?

  Causes random genetic divergence
• Behavioral changes within a population can lead to sympatric speciation


  True
• What is an example of allopatric speciation?

  Finches with different beak shapes on separate islands
• Plants with polyploidy are reproductively isolated due to changes in their chromosome number.
• Random changes in allele frequencies, known as genetic drift, can lead to speciation.
• Reproductive isolation is the key driver of speciation in both allopatric and sympatric speciation.

  True
• What type of speciation occurs within a single, continuous geographic population?

  Sympatric Speciation
• Reproductive isolation in allopatric speciation occurs due to genetic changes that prevent interbreeding.


  True
• Match the factors driving speciation with their examples:

  Geographic Barriers ↔️ Darwin's finches on Galapagos

  Reproductive Isolation ↔️ Sympatric speciation in plants

  Natural Selection ↔️ Finches with hard seeds and large beaks

  Genetic Drift ↔️ Founder effect in island populations
• What is the name of the region where over 2,000 species of cichlid fish evolved due to geographic isolation?

  Great Rift Valley
• Speciation contributes to biodiversity by allowing populations to evolve independently and adapt to different niches
• Geographic barriers are a primary factor driving allopatric speciation

  True
• What is the process by which new species arise from pre-existing species called?

  Speciation
• What type of speciation occurs when a population becomes geographically isolated?

  Allopatric Speciation
• Genetic or behavioral changes can lead to reproductive isolation
• What is the term for the reproductive isolation caused by polyploidy in plants?

  Sympatric Speciation
• Reproductive isolation due to genetic differences can lead to sympatric speciation.

  True