3.2.1 The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

• What type of government did France have under Louis XVI?

  Absolute monarchy
• What type of warfare did the French Revolution transform it into?

  People's wars
• Chronological order of major events and battles of the French Revolutionary Wars

  1️⃣ Storming of the Bastille (1789)

  2️⃣ Declaration of Pillnitz (1791)

  3️⃣ Battle of Valmy (1792)

  4️⃣ Reign of Terror (1793-1794)

  5️⃣ Battle of Fleurus (1794)

  6️⃣ Treaty of Campo Formio (1797)
• The Battle of Fleurus secured French control of the Austrian Netherlands
• Napoleon emphasized the mobility and speed of his armies.
• Napoleon's use of artillery and cavalry supported his infantry effectively.


  True
• The inefficient bureaucracy under Louis XVI contributed to political grievances during the French Revolution.


  True
• Which country's trade dominance posed an economic threat to France during the Napoleonic Wars?

  Britain
• Who led the Reign of Terror in France from 1793 to 1794?

  Robespierre
• Which British naval victory established supremacy during the Napoleonic Wars?

  Battle of Trafalgar
• The French Revolutionary Wars led to the overthrow of the French monarchy
• The Three Estates divided French society into the clergy, nobility, and commoners
• The French Revolution created an ideological conflict by challenging European monarchies
• The storming of the Bastille marked the end of the absolute monarchy in France.


  True
• Which treaty ended the War of the First Coalition?

  Treaty of Campo Formio
• What military innovation did Napoleon adopt to build a large army?

  Conscription
• What type of government did France have under Louis XVI?

  Absolute monarchy
• What economic issue led to unrest during the French Revolution?

  Rising bread prices
• The Storming of the Bastille in 1789 marked the end of the absolute monarchy in France.

  True
• The Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797 ended the War of the First Coalition.


  True
• The Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 was Napoleon's greatest land victory against Austria and Russia.


  True
• Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo ended the Napoleonic Wars.


  True
• Economic issues like state debts and rising bread prices contributed to the French Revolution.


  True
• Match the cause with its description:

  Political Cause ↔️ Ideological conflict with monarchies

  Territorial Cause ↔️ France sought to expand influence

  Economic Cause ↔️ Britain's trade dominance

  Personal Cause ↔️ Napoleon's ambition
• Who led the Reign of Terror?

  Robespierre
• Napoleon's military leadership was more centralized compared to the French Revolutionary Wars.


  True
• Match the aspect with the correct era:

  Leadership in French Revolutionary Wars ↔️ Decentralized, multiple factions

  Strategy in Napoleonic Wars ↔️ Offensive, expansionist

  Tactics in French Revolutionary Wars ↔️ Mass citizen armies

  Outcome of Napoleonic Wars ↔️ Consolidation of French power
• The commoners in France under Louis XVI bore the brunt of taxation without political representation
• The French Revolution created an ideological conflict by challenging European monarchies
• The Battle of Valmy in 1792 halted the Prussian invasion
• During the Napoleonic Wars, leadership was centralized under Napoleon
• Which battle marked the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815?

  Battle of Waterloo