3.2 Depression

• What are the three primary features of depression as a mental health disorder?

  Sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest
• Depression can significantly impact a person's daily life and functioning.


  True
• Which neurotransmitters are commonly associated with imbalances in the biological causes of depression?

  Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
• Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness are related to the symptom of mood
• What are some common symptoms of depression that can significantly affect daily life?

  Mood disturbances, fatigue, insomnia
• Certain genetic variations can increase the risk of developing depression.


  True
• Biological factors can interact and contribute to the development of depressive symptoms.

  True
• Match the symptom of depression with its description:

  Mood ↔️ Persistent sadness or hopelessness

  Interest ↔️ Loss of pleasure in activities

  Energy ↔️ Fatigue and lack of energy

  Concentration ↔️ Difficulty focusing
• Hormonal changes during pregnancy can trigger depressive episodes.


  True
• Hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause can trigger depressive episodes
• Cognitive distortions include patterns such as all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and catastrophizing
• What are negative schemas developed from?

  Past experiences
• What is depression characterized by?

  Sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest
• Arrange the key symptoms of depression in the order they appear in the study material:

  1️⃣ Mood

  2️⃣ Interest

  3️⃣ Energy

  4️⃣ Concentration

  5️⃣ Sleep

  6️⃣ Appetite

  7️⃣ Self-Worth
• Which hormones can trigger depressive episodes?

  Fluctuations in hormones
• Dopamine can disrupt mood regulation and contribute to depression.mood
• Which brain regions are linked to depression?

  Prefrontal cortex and limbic system
• What are negative schemas in the context of depression?

  Negative mental frameworks
• Strong social relationships and support networks can buffer against depression
• Adequate exposure to sunlight can improve mood.


  True
• Standardized questionnaires used to measure depressive symptoms are known as self-report questionnaires
• Match the type of psychotherapy with its focus:

  CBT ↔️ Negative thought patterns

  IPT ↔️ Relationship problems
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are a type of antidepressant medication that includes fluoxetine and sertraline
• Which symptom of depression involves a loss of pleasure in most activities?

  Loss of interest
• Match the symptom of depression with its description:

  Interest ↔️ Loss of pleasure in activities

  Energy ↔️ Fatigue and lack of energy

  Concentration ↔️ Difficulty focusing

  Sleep ↔️ Insomnia or excessive sleep
• Fluctuations in hormones, such as during pregnancy or menopause, can trigger depressive episodes.
• What is a persistent feeling of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness called in depression?

  Mood disturbance
• Which biological factors are considered causes of depression?

  Neurotransmitter imbalance, genetic factors
• Which neurotransmitters are commonly imbalanced in depression?

  Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
• Which brain regions may be linked to depression?

  Prefrontal cortex, limbic system
• Match the psychological cause with its description:

  Cognitive Distortions ↔️ Negative thinking patterns

  Negative Schemas ↔️ Deep-rooted, negative frameworks

  Stressful Life Events ↔️ Major life stressors
• Strong social support can buffer against depression.

  True
• Insomnia is a common sleep disturbance in depression.


  True
• Depression symptoms can significantly impact daily life and functioning.


  True
• Cognitive distortions can distort one's perception of reality and lead to a negative mindset.


  True
• What role do genetic variations play in depression?

  Increase the risk
• Biological factors alone are sufficient to cause depression.

  False
• What is a stressful life event that can trigger depression?

  Loss of a loved one
• What is the impact of urban living on mood compared to rural living?

  Negatively impacts mood
• What is a persistent feeling associated with depression according to diagnostic criteria?

  Sadness