2.3.2 Genes and Chromosomes

• Genes are specific sequences of DNA that code for particular traits
• Each chromosome carries multiple genes


  True
• The double-helix structure of DNA in chromosomes is held together by proteins

  True
• Genes contain instructions for building proteins


  True
• What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?

  Locus
• Where are genes located on chromosomes?

  At specific loci
• Chromosomes are located within the cell nucleus.


  True
• Chromosomes contain multiple genes that collectively determine traits.


  True
• Steps of protein synthesis

  1️⃣ Transcription: DNA is copied into mRNA

  2️⃣ Translation: mRNA is translated into protein
• The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states: DNA -> mRNA -> Protein.


  True
• During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo crossing over to exchange genetic material.
• Genes are found on chromosomes within the cell nucleus


  True
• What is the term for the complex formed when DNA wraps around histone proteins?

  Chromatin
• What are chromosomes composed of?

  DNA and proteins
• How many genes does each chromosome carry?

  Multiple genes
• Chromosomes are essential for healthy inheritance and diversity of offspring.

  True
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Tightly packed DNA
• The DNA in chromosomes is organized into a double-helix structure and wrapped around histone
• Chromosomes are structures made of tightly packed DNA within the cell nucleus
• Genes are located on chromosomes, which are found in the cell nucleus
• Steps of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

  1️⃣ DNA

  2️⃣ mRNA

  3️⃣ Protein
• Genes are located on chromosomes within the cell nucleus

  True
• Genes are located at the same position (locus) on homologous chromosomes.


  True
• What is the double-helix structure of DNA wrapped around in chromosomes?

  Histone proteins
• Where are genes located within the cell nucleus?

  On chromosomes
• What carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome during transcription?

  mRNA
• Match the term with its definition:

  Genes ↔️ Specific sequences of DNA coding for traits

  Alleles ↔️ Different versions of the same gene
• What can chromosome mutations lead to?

  Genetic disorders
• Alleles are different versions of the same gene
• Different alleles can result in different trait expressions
• Genes are specific sequences of DNA that code for particular traits
• The DNA in chromosomes is organized into a double-helix structure and wrapped around histone proteins.
• Genes are specific sequences of DNA that code for traits
• Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and matches it to the corresponding codon
• Alleles are variations of genes.


  True
• Steps during meiosis that ensure genetic variation

  1️⃣ Homologous chromosomes pair up

  2️⃣ Crossing over exchanges genetic material

  3️⃣ Proper segregation of chromosomes