3.3.9.2 Esterification

• The esterification reaction produces an ester and water
• The product of esterification from a carboxylic acid is an ester
• The ester functional group is formed by combining a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.


  True
• Which functional group forms hydrogen bonds?

  $- OH$
• The acid catalyst in esterification makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic.


  True
• A catalyst in esterification speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy.


  True
• Esterification is the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form an ester and water.
• Alcohols contain the hydroxyl group, which is polar and forms hydrogen bonds.
• Alcohols contain the hydroxyl group, which forms hydrogen bonds
• The acid catalyst in esterification makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic.


  True
• The balanced chemical equation for esterification is: RCOOH + R'OH \rightarrow RCOOR' + H_{2}O
• Hydrochloric acid acts as a catalyst by protonating the carboxylic acid.


  True
• Esterification produces water as a byproduct.


  True
• Why is ethyl benzoate used in perfumes?

  Floral aroma
• What are the reactants in the esterification reaction?

  Carboxylic acid and alcohol
• What type of catalyst is used in esterification to increase reaction yield?

  Acid catalyst
• What atom does a carboxylic acid lose to form an ester during esterification?

  $- OH$
• Carboxylic acids are weakly acidic, polar, and form carboxylic salts
• Steps of the esterification reaction mechanism

  1️⃣ Acid catalyst protonates the carboxylic acid

  2️⃣ Alcohol nucleophilically attacks the protonated carbonyl carbon

  3️⃣ Proton transfer forms water

  4️⃣ Ester product and regenerated acid catalyst are formed
• During the proton transfer step in esterification, a proton from the intermediate is transferred to the hydroxyl group of the alcohol, forming water.
• Match the catalyst with its role in esterification:

  Sulfuric acid ↔️ Speeds up reaction by protonating carboxylic acid

  Hydrochloric acid ↔️ Lowers activation energy
• What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?

  $- COOH$
• Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group, which is weakly acidic and polar
• Alcohols can be primary, secondary, or tertiary.


  True
• A catalyst speeds up a reaction by lowering its activation energy
• Common catalysts in esterification include sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid
• Match the reactants with their products in esterification:

  Carboxylic acid ↔️ Ester

  Alcohol ↔️ Water
• What is formed when acetic acid reacts with ethanol in esterification?

  Ethyl acetate
• Ethyl acetate is commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers
• Esterification is typically reversible


  True
• Match the functional group with its chemical formula:

  Carboxyl ↔️ $- COOH$

  Hydroxyl ↔️ $- OH$
• What is the chemical formula for an ester functional group?

  $- COO -$
• The chemical equation for the formation of ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethanol is $CH_{3}COOH +$$C_{2}H_{5}OH \rightarrow CH_{3}COOC_{2}H_{5} +$$H_{2}O$, where H_{2}O is water.
• What type of intermediate is formed during the esterification reaction when alcohol attacks the protonated carbonyl carbon?

  Tetrahedral
• What are common catalysts used in esterification?

  Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid
• Esterification is a reversible reaction.


  True
• Match the functional group with its example:

  Carboxyl group ↔️ Acetic acid

  Hydroxyl group ↔️ Ethanol
• The carboxyl group in carboxylic acids is denoted as -COOH.

  True
• Steps in the esterification reaction mechanism

  1️⃣ Acid catalyst protonates the carboxylic acid

  2️⃣ Alcohol nucleophilically attacks the protonated carbonyl carbon

  3️⃣ Proton transfer forms water

  4️⃣ Ester product is formed
• What is a catalyst in esterification?

  Speeds up reaction