4.8 Defining Devolutionary Factors

• What is the basic concept of devolution?

  Transfer of powers
• What economic factor can lead to devolutionary trends?

  Regional economic disparities
• Unequal resource distribution is an economic factor that can drive devolutionary pressures.


  True
• What economic example illustrates devolutionary trends?

  North-South divide in Italy
• Natural boundaries like mountains and rivers create distinct geographical regions that foster demands for autonomy
• What natural boundary is cited as defining the Catalan region and influencing its autonomy?

  Pyrenees Mountains
• Regions with valuable natural resources, like oil or minerals, may seek fiscal independence to control their own wealth
• What region in Spain faces economic disparities that contribute to its devolutionary pressures?

  Catalonia
• What is the primary goal of political factors in devolutionary movements?

  Greater local autonomy
• Physical geography influences devolution by shaping regions and fostering distinct local identities
• Physical geography factors can contribute to devolutionary pressures on central governments.

  True
• Regional economic disparities, such as the North-South divide in Italy, can lead wealthier regions to seek fiscal independence
• Cultural or ethnic identity can be a political driver of devolution.


  True
• Devolution is driven by political, economic, and cultural factors.


  True
• Match the devolutionary factor with its example:

  Political ↔️ Referendum for Scottish independence

  Economic ↔️ Catalonia seeking fiscal independence

  Cultural ↔️ Basque separatism in Spain
• Unequal resource distribution is a significant economic factor driving devolutionary trends.


  True
• Which regions have sought greater sovereignty based on distinct cultural identities?

  Basque region and Quebec
• Match the historical event with its impact on devolution:

  Colonial Legacy ↔️ Independence movements in Quebec

  Ethnic Conflicts ↔️ The Troubles in Northern Ireland

  Repression of Cultural Identity ↔️ Banning of Basque language

  Economic Exploitation ↔️ North Sea oil in Scotland
• Devolution occurs when a central government transfers powers to lower levels, such as regional or local governments
• What cultural factor can contribute to devolution?

  Distinct cultural identities
• Distinct cultural identities can lead regions to seek greater autonomy from a central government.


  True
• What cultural example demonstrates devolutionary pressures?

  Basque separatism in Spain
• How does uneven resource distribution influence devolutionary pressures?

  Leads to economic disparities
• What oil-rich region seeks fiscal independence due to uneven resource distribution?

  Scotland
• Regional economic disparities can lead economically disadvantaged regions to push for greater autonomy.


  True
• Devolution is the process where a central government transfers powers to lower levels, such as regional or local authorities
• Which region's fiscal independence is influenced by the North-South economic divide in Italy?

  Catalonia
• Match the physical geography factor with its influence on devolution:

  Natural Boundaries ↔️ Create distinct geographical regions leading to regional autonomy demands

  Uneven Resource Distribution ↔️ Leads to economic disparities and fiscal independence movements

  Geographic Isolation ↔️ Promotes unique cultural identities and regional autonomy desires
• What is the primary resource driving Scotland's desire for fiscal independence?

  North Sea oil
• Order the key political drivers of devolution:

  1️⃣ Desire for self-governance

  2️⃣ Cultural and ethnic identity

  3️⃣ Political marginalization
• Regions with their own distinct languages may push for official recognition and the ability to use their language in education
• Unequal resource distribution is an economic factor that can drive devolution
• Political, economic, and cultural factors create incentives for regional governments to seek more control over their affairs.

  True
• What is an example of a region seeking devolution due to regional economic disparities?

  Catalonia in Spain
• Cultural factors such as language and religion can create strong incentives for self-determination.


  True
• Which former colony has sought greater autonomy due to its colonial legacy?

  Quebec in Canada
• What political factor can drive devolutionary pressures?

  Desire for local autonomy
• Arrange the three primary factors influencing devolutionary pressures in order of their influence.

  1️⃣ Political

  2️⃣ Economic

  3️⃣ Cultural
• What political example is cited as a case of devolutionary pressure?

  Referendum for Scottish independence
• Geographic isolation can contribute to unique cultural identities that drive devolutionary movements.

  True