4.1.1 Fossil Record

• What is the fossil record?

  Historical record of life
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Fossil record ↔️ Collection of fossils studied

  Fossils ↔️ Preserved remains of organisms
• Organisms trapped in resin or tar are preserved intact.


  True
• Match the fossilization method with its process:

  Permineralization ↔️ Minerals fill empty spaces

  Moulds and Casts ↔️ Organism decays, leaving a cavity

  Preservation in Resin ↔️ Organisms trapped in amber
• *Archaeopteryx* is a transitional fossil between reptiles and birds.
• Arrange the dating methods in order of age range they can measure, from oldest to youngest

  1️⃣ Radiometric Dating

  2️⃣ Carbon Dating

  3️⃣ Stratigraphy
• Extinct species in the fossil record highlight how life has changed over time.
• The fossil record provides a historical record of life on Earth.


  True
• Arrange the following concepts based on their order in the fossil record as evidence for evolution:

  1️⃣ Transitional forms

  2️⃣ Extinct species

  3️⃣ Chronological order
• The fossil record is a collection of fossils that have been studied
• Match the type of rock with its role in fossilization:

  Fossil Record ↔️ Provides a historical record of life on Earth

  Fossils ↔️ Shows evolution through various evidence

  Sedimentary Rock ↔️ Helps determine the age and order of fossils
• Organisms trapped in tar pits are preserved intact.


  True
• Body fossils include preserved shells and teeth.

  True
• Arrange the following dating methods in order from oldest to most recent time ranges:

  1️⃣ Radiometric Dating

  2️⃣ Carbon Dating

  3️⃣ Stratigraphy
• Stratigraphy provides absolute dating of fossils.

  False
• What type of dating method uses the decay of radioactive isotopes in rocks?

  Radiometric dating
• Match the dating method with its age range:

  Radiometric Dating ↔️ Millions of years

  Carbon Dating ↔️ Up to 50,000 years

  Stratigraphy ↔️ Relative age
• *Archaeopteryx* is a transitional fossil between dinosaurs and birds.


  True
• Transitional fossils support the theory of evolution
• What is one strength of the fossil record as evidence for evolution?

  Chronological order
• How do transitional fossils in the fossil record support evolutionary transitions?

  Intermediate characteristics
• Fossils that show intermediate characteristics between groups of organisms are called transitional fossils.
• Steps in the formation of a mould and cast fossil

  1️⃣ Organism dies and is buried in sediment

  2️⃣ Organism decays, leaving a cavity

  3️⃣ Cavity is filled with sediment

  4️⃣ Sediment hardens to form a cast
• What type of rock are fossils typically found in?

  Sedimentary rock
• What are body fossils?

  Preserved remains of organisms
• What is potassium-argon dating used for?

  Dating older rocks
• Carbon dating is more accurate than radiometric dating for fossils over a million years old.

  False
• Arrange the following events in the order they appear in the fossil record

  1️⃣ Older fossils in deeper layers

  2️⃣ Transitional forms emerge

  3️⃣ Extinct species disappear

  4️⃣ Chronological order is observed
• Where are fossils typically found?

  Sedimentary rock
• Fossils are preserved traces of organisms from the past.


  True
• Older fossils are found in deeper rock layers.


  True
• Arrange the following fossilization methods in order based on how fossils are formed:

  1️⃣ Permineralization

  2️⃣ Moulds and Casts

  3️⃣ Preservation in Resin and Tar
• What type of fossilization results in petrified wood?

  Permineralization
• Index fossils are used to date rock layers
• What radioactive isotope is used in potassium-argon dating?

  Potassium-40
• Match the dating method with its age range:

  Radiometric Dating ↔️ Millions of years

  Carbon Dating ↔️ Up to 50,000 years

  Stratigraphy ↔️ Relative age
• Carbon dating uses the decay of carbon-14
• What are fossils called that exhibit intermediate characteristics between two major groups of organisms?

  Transitional fossils
• Arrange the following transitional fossils in the order of their evolutionary transitions:

  1️⃣ *Tiktaalik*

  2️⃣ *Archaeopteryx*

  3️⃣ *Ambulocetus*
• What evidence do transitional fossils provide for evolutionary transitions?

  Intermediate characteristics