3.3.2 Natural Selection

• What is the primary process driven by natural selection?

  Evolution
• Environmental conditions favor certain traits in natural selection.


  True
• Match each principle of natural selection with its description:

  Variation ↔️ Individuals differ in traits

  Inheritance ↔️ Traits pass to offspring

  Selection ↔️ Environment favors traits

  Adaptation ↔️ Beneficial traits increase
• What happens to the proportion of individuals with advantageous traits over time in natural selection?

  It increases
• What is natural selection?

  Process that drives evolution
• The principle of natural selection known as variation states that individuals within a population differ in their characteristics
• The peppered moth serves as an example of natural selection, where dark-colored moths survived better during industrial pollution
• The main factor of natural selection called variation refers to the genetic differences resulting in a range of different traits
• Adaptation is the process by which populations become better suited to their environment through natural selection.


  True
• Individuals within a population differ in their characteristics, resulting in a range of traits
• Over time, beneficial traits become more common in a population, leading to adaptation
• What is the role of genetic differences in natural selection?

  Create variation in traits
• Over time, populations become better adapted to their environment due to changes in trait frequency
• Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands demonstrate the role of variation in adaptation
• Beneficial traits allow offspring to survive and reproduce more successfully.

  True
• Environmental conditions favor certain traits, making individuals with those traits more likely to survive and reproduce
• Variation within a population arises from genetic differences among individuals.

  True
• Selection pressure occurs when environmental conditions favor certain traits that enhance survival and reproduction.

  True
• Steps in the process of natural selection influenced by variation

  1️⃣ Genetic diversity ensures unique gene combinations

  2️⃣ Mutations introduce new traits

  3️⃣ Environmental conditions favor specific traits

  4️⃣ Organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce

  5️⃣ Populations adapt to their environment over time
• Traits that provide an advantage are inherited by offspring, allowing them to survive and reproduce more successfully
• Natural selection is the primary mechanism of evolution.

  True
• What is gene flow and how does it affect genetic diversity?

  Transfer of genetic material
• How are traits passed from parents to offspring in natural selection?

  Through genetic material
• Arrange the key principles of natural selection in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Inheritance

  3️⃣ Selection

  4️⃣ Adaptation
• Environmental conditions are a key factor that applies selection pressure in natural selection.


  True
• The principle of inheritance in natural selection states that traits can be passed from parents to offspring
• Traits can be passed from parents to offspring through genetic material.


  True
• Match the principle of natural selection with its description:

  Variation ↔️ Individuals differ in traits

  Inheritance ↔️ Traits passed from parents

  Selection ↔️ Environmental conditions favor traits

  Adaptation ↔️ Beneficial traits become common
• Beneficial traits are passed on to offspring through reproduction
• Why is variation within a population essential for natural selection?

  Provides material for selection
• What role does inheritance play in natural selection?

  Passes beneficial traits to offspring
• Natural selection operates based on four key principles
• Arrange the factors influencing natural selection in a logical sequence:

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Inheritance

  3️⃣ Selection Pressure

  4️⃣ Adaptation
• Over generations, the proportion of individuals with advantageous traits increases, leading to population adaptation
• What example illustrates the role of variation in Darwin's finches?

  Beak shapes
• What is the role of inheritance in natural selection?

  Passing on beneficial traits
• What is genetic drift and how does it differ from natural selection?

  Random changes in allele frequencies
• What is selection pressure in natural selection?

  Environmental conditions favoring traits
• The peppered moth is an example of natural selection during the Industrial Revolution.


  True
• Steps in the process of natural selection

  1️⃣ Variation in traits

  2️⃣ Inheritance of beneficial traits

  3️⃣ Selection pressure favors traits

  4️⃣ Adaptation over generations