1.4.1 Structure of the Earth

• The Earth is composed of four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core
• The Earth's crust is composed of solid silicate rocks.


  True
• Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.


  True
• Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust.


  True
• What generates the Earth's magnetic field?

  Convection currents
• The pressure in the Earth's inner core is estimated at over 300 GPa
• The pressure in the inner core is estimated at over 300 GPa.


  True
• The outer core is in a liquid state.


  True
• What is the density difference between continental and oceanic crust?

  Oceanic crust is denser
• The upper mantle is composed of solid silicate rocks.

  True
• The Earth's magnetic field protects us from solar winds.

  True
• The mantle is in a plastic state, allowing it to deform slowly.


  True
• What are the four main layers of the Earth?

  Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
• What is the thickness of the inner core?

  1,200 km
• What is the thickest layer of the Earth?

  Mantle
• What separates the upper and lower mantle?

  Transition zone
• Steps in the formation of Earth's magnetic field

  1️⃣ Convection currents in outer core

  2️⃣ Electric currents generated

  3️⃣ Magnetic field produced
• The Mohorovičić discontinuity marks the boundary between the crust and the mantle
• The mantle is in a plastic state, meaning it can slowly deform under pressure

  True
• What is the state of the Earth's crust?

  Solid
• What is the composition of the Earth's outer core?

  Liquid iron and nickel
• Match the mantle section with its composition and properties:

  Upper Mantle ↔️ Solid silicate rocks, can flow

  Lower Mantle ↔️ Mostly silicate rocks, more rigid
• Order the Earth's layers from the outermost to the innermost:

  1️⃣ Crust

  2️⃣ Upper Mantle

  3️⃣ Lower Mantle

  4️⃣ Outer Core

  5️⃣ Inner Core
• The Earth's magnetic field protects us from harmful solar winds.


  True
• The immense pressure in the inner core keeps the iron and nickel in a solid state.


  True
• Why is iron solid in the inner core despite high temperatures?

  Extreme pressure
• The Earth's crust is divided into continental crust and oceanic
• The mantle is divided into the upper mantle and lower
• What is the outer core primarily composed of?

  Iron and nickel
• What is the state of matter in the inner core?

  Solid
• Which layer of the Earth is liquid?

  Outer Core
• The mantle is composed of silicate rocks with some iron and magnesium
• The Earth's crust is divided into continental and oceanic types
• The upper mantle is primarily composed of solid silicate rocks rich in iron and magnesium
• The outer core is a liquid layer primarily composed of iron and nickel
• The inner core remains solid due to extreme pressure


  True
• The Gutenberg discontinuity separates the mantle and outer core


  True
• What is the thickness range of the Earth's crust?

  5-70 km
• The Earth's inner core is composed of solid iron and nickel
• The transition zone in the mantle marks the boundary between the upper and lower mantle