1.1 Urbanisation in the 21st Century

• Urban areas have a high concentration of residential, commercial, and industrial activities.

  True
• Urbanisation refers to the process of population growth and migration
• Global urbanisation trends show that the world is becoming increasingly urbanised
• A key driver of urbanisation in developing countries is rapid rural-urban migration
• Pull factors in urban areas include better healthcare and education.


  True
• What is a major environmental impact of urbanisation on water resources?

  Water scarcity
• What is the primary focus of rural areas as opposed to urban areas?

  Agriculture
• The urbanisation rate in developed countries is faster than in developing countries.

  False
• Match the factor type with its description:

  Push factors ↔️ Conditions that compel people to leave rural areas

  Pull factors ↔️ Attractive aspects of urban areas
• Urban expansion leads to the loss of natural habitats and biodiversity.


  True
• Match the strategy with its description:

  Public Transportation ↔️ Reduces reliance on private vehicles

  Waste Management ↔️ Minimizes environmental impact

  Green Spaces ↔️ Improves air quality and biodiversity
• What city's growth exemplifies urbanisation in the study material?

  Shanghai
• What percentage of the population in developed countries lives in urban areas?

  80%
• Push factors in rural areas include a lack of economic opportunities
• Increased vehicle emissions in cities lead to poor air quality and smog
• The trend of urbanisation is more pronounced in developed countries.

  False
• Which type of countries is experiencing the most pronounced urbanisation trend?

  Developing countries
• What are the two categories of factors driving urbanisation in the 21st century?

  Push and pull factors
• The disposal of large volumes of municipal and industrial waste is a major challenge in growing cities.
• Environmental degradation and pollution are negative environmental impacts of urbanisation.
• Enhancing urban resilience prepares cities to adapt to climate change and natural disasters.
• Urbanisation rates are faster in developed countries compared to developing countries.

  False
• Match the area type with its characteristic:

  Urban Area ↔️ High population density

  Rural Area ↔️ Primarily agriculture
• What is an example of a push factor in rural areas?

  Natural disasters
• Steps to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanisation

  1️⃣ Urban planning

  2️⃣ Environmental management
• Urban areas have a high population density compared to rural areas.
• The key drivers of urbanisation in developing countries are rural-urban migration and natural population growth.
• What is one major environmental challenge caused by urbanisation in developing countries?

  Air pollution
• What is one negative socio-economic impact of urbanisation in developing countries?

  Income inequality
• What does sustainable urban planning aim to integrate into city design?

  Environmental considerations