4.3.2 Kirchhoff's Second Law

• Match the circuit element with its potential difference and sign when moving along current flow:

  Resistor ↔️ $IR$, Negative

  Source (emf) ↔️ $\varepsilon$, Positive
• The principle of energy conservation states that the total energy in a closed system remains constant
• Understanding energy conservation is crucial for applying Kirchhoff's Second Law effectively.

  True
• What is the principle of energy conservation in a closed system?

  Energy remains constant
• What does the principle of energy conservation mean in electrical circuits?

  Energy supplied equals dissipated
• The algebraic sum of potential differences around any closed loop in an electrical circuit is equal to zero.
• When moving from the positive to the negative terminal of a source, the potential difference is negative.


  True
• Steps to apply Kirchhoff's Second Law in a circuit

  1️⃣ Identify closed loops

  2️⃣ Choose a direction to traverse each loop

  3️⃣ Determine potential differences across each element

  4️⃣ Sum all potential differences and set equal to zero
• What is another name for Kirchhoff's Second Law?

  Loop Rule
• Steps to apply Kirchhoff's Second Law

  1️⃣ Identify closed loops in the circuit.

  2️⃣ Choose a direction to traverse each loop.

  3️⃣ Determine potential differences across each circuit element.

  4️⃣ Sum all potential differences and set equal to zero.
• What does Kirchhoff's Second Law ensure in electrical circuits?

  Energy conservation
• In electrical circuits, the total energy supplied by power sources equals the total energy dissipated
• Sum all potential differences in the loop and set equal to zero
• What is the current in a loop with a 12V battery and a 4Ω resistor?

  3A
• Match the circuit element with its potential difference sign when traversed along current flow:

  Resistor ↔️ Negative

  Source (emf) ↔️ Positive
• The equation for a loop with a 12V battery and a 4Ω resistor is $12V - 4I =$$0$


  True
• Kirchhoff's First Law is based on the principle of conservation of charge
• When applying Kirchhoff's Second Law, the direction of traversal around the loop must always be clockwise.

  False
• Kirchhoff's Second Law is essential for analyzing complex circuits and solving for unknown voltages and currents.


  True
• In a loop with a 12V battery and two resistors, R_{1} = 4\Omega</latex> and $R_{2} =$$8\Omega$, in series, the current $I$ is 1A
• When moving from a lower potential to a higher potential in a loop, the potential difference is considered positive.


  True
• Kirchhoff's Second Law is also known as the Loop Rule.
• What is the potential difference across a source when moving from the negative to the positive terminal?

  $\varepsilon$
• What is the potential difference across a resistor when traversed against the direction of current flow?

  $- IR$
• What is the potential difference across a source when traversed from the negative to the positive terminal?

  $\varepsilon$
• When applying Kirchhoff's Second Law to a loop, the algebraic sum of potential differences must equal zero.


  True
• What principle is Kirchhoff's Second Law based on?

  Energy conservation
• Match the circuit element with its potential difference and sign when traversing a loop clockwise:

  Resistor (along current flow) ↔️ - IR

  Source (from - to +) ↔️ $\varepsilon$
• In a loop with a 12V battery and two resistors, what is the current if the resistors are 4Ω and 8Ω?

  1A
• Steps to apply Kirchhoff's Second Law effectively

  1️⃣ Identify closed loops in the circuit.

  2️⃣ Choose a direction to traverse each loop.

  3️⃣ Determine potential differences across each circuit element.

  4️⃣ Sum all potential differences and set equal to zero.
• When traversing a source from the negative to the positive terminal, the potential difference is positive


  True
• When traversing a source from the positive to the negative terminal, the potential difference is negative
• What is the current in a loop with a 12V battery and a 4Ω resistor, as calculated using Kirchhoff's Second Law?

  3A
• Kirchhoff's Second Law is based on the principle of conservation of energy
• Kirchhoff's Second Law, also known as the Loop Rule, states that the algebraic sum of the potential differences around any closed loop in an electrical circuit is equal to zero
• If a loop includes a battery with an emf $\varepsilon =$$6V$ and a resistor where $IR =$$6V$, then the equation would be 6V - 6V = 0</latex>, satisfying the Loop Rule
• Kirchhoff's Second Law ensures that the energy gained by charges equals the energy lost in a closed loop.


  True
• Kirchhoff's Second Law, also known as the Loop Rule, states that the algebraic sum of the potential differences around any closed loop in an electrical circuit is equal to zero
• Kirchhoff's Second Law states that the algebraic sum of potential differences around any closed loop in an electrical circuit is zero.


  True
• When traversing a resistor along the direction of current flow, the potential difference is positive.

  False