2.2.2 Key Concepts

• In the Sensorimotor stage, infants use their senses and motor skills to understand the world
• What are schemas in Piaget's theory?

  Mental representations
• Match the stage of cognitive development with its age range:

  Sensorimotor ↔️ Birth to 2 years

  Preoperational ↔️ 2 to 7 years

  Concrete Operational ↔️ 7 to 11 years

  Formal Operational ↔️ 11 years to adulthood
• When a child learns that poodles have curly hair, they update their schema for dogs through the process of accommodation
• The process of modifying existing schemas to fit new information is called accommodation
• What do infants use to understand the world during the sensorimotor stage?

  Senses and motor skills
• At what stage of Piaget's theory can individuals think abstractly and hypothetically?

  Formal Operational
• In the Preoperational stage, children use symbolic thinking but lack logical reasoning.


  True
• Order the processes that drive cognitive development in Piaget's theory:

  1️⃣ Assimilation

  2️⃣ Accommodation
• Schemas are static structures that never change.

  False
• Accommodation occurs when new information cannot be assimilated into existing schemas.


  True
• What is the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas called?

  Assimilation
• Match the stage of Piaget's theory with its age range:

  Sensorimotor ↔️ Birth to 2 years

  Preoperational ↔️ 2 to 7 years

  Concrete Operational ↔️ 7 to 11 years

  Formal Operational ↔️ 11 years to adulthood
• Children in the concrete operational stage can logically reason about concrete objects and events.
• Schemas are internal mental models representing objects, events, and ideas.


  True
• What role does assimilation play in cognitive development according to Piaget's theory?

  Expands understanding
• What is the term for the process of balancing assimilation and accommodation to achieve cognitive equilibrium?

  Equilibration
• Match the stage with its key characteristic:

  Sensorimotor ↔️ Use of senses and motor skills

  Preoperational ↔️ Symbolic thinking but no logic

  Concrete Operational ↔️ Logical reasoning about concrete events

  Formal Operational ↔️ Abstract, hypothetical thinking
• What are schemas constantly updated through?

  Assimilation and accommodation
• Accommodation involves modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information that cannot be assimilated.


  True
• Equilibration is a key driver of cognitive development as it resolves disequilibrium by adapting mental representations.


  True
• Each stage of Piaget's theory builds upon the previous one through assimilation and accommodation.


  True
• What makes schemas dynamic structures according to Piaget's theory?

  Assimilation and accommodation
• Schemas are static structures that never change.

  False
• Assimilation helps expand our understanding by relating new experiences to existing knowledge.


  True
• Steps involved in the equilibration process

  1️⃣ Encounter new information

  2️⃣ Experience disequilibrium

  3️⃣ Accommodate schemas

  4️⃣ Restore equilibrium
• Children progress through Piaget's stages by assimilating new information and accommodating existing schemas.


  True
• In the Concrete Operational stage, children can logically reason about concrete objects and events
• What is egocentrism in Piaget's theory?

  Inability to see others' perspectives
• Schemas act as mental representations or frameworks
• Schemas are internal mental models representing objects, events, and ideas
• In assimilation, new information is integrated into pre-existing schemas
• Accommodation involves modifying existing schemas to fit new information
• What is the purpose of equilibration in schema theory?

  Achieve cognitive equilibrium
• How many stages are there in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

  Four
• Children who grasp conservation understand that shape changes do not affect the amount of an object.


  True
• Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development describes how children's thinking and reasoning abilities develop through a series of stages
• Individuals in the Formal Operational stage can think abstractly, hypothetically, and logically.


  True
• Schemas are updated through assimilation and accommodation
• What is assimilation in Piaget's theory?

  Incorporating new information