6.2 Thermal physics

• Thermal physics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of heat
• Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.


  True
• The formula to calculate the energy required to change the temperature of a substance is Q = mcΔT
• The formula to calculate the energy required to change the temperature of a substance is Q = mcΔT.


  True
• Internal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of all particles within a system.
• The latent heat of fusion for water is 334 kJ/kg.
• Thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion and transfer.
• Match the temperature scale with its definition:

  Celsius ↔️ Based on water's freezing and boiling points

  Fahrenheit ↔️ Based on freezing and body temperatures

  Kelvin ↔️ Absolute temperature scale with 0 K as the coldest possible
• When the temperature of a substance increases, its internal energy decreases.

  False
• What is internal energy?

  Total kinetic and potential energy
• How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water from 20°C to 25°C?

  41860 J
• The latent heat of fusion is the energy needed for boiling or condensing.

  False
• What is the latent heat of vaporization for water?

  2260 kJ/kg
• Latent heat is absorbed during freezing.

  False
• The formula for heat transfer by conduction is Q = (kAΔT)/d
• Conduction involves the movement of heated fluid to create currents.

  False
• 200,000 watts of heat are transferred through the copper sheet


  True
• Heat is the transfer of energy due to a temperature difference
• Entropy measures the disorder or randomness in a system


  True
• Heat is the transfer of energy due to a temperature difference


  True
• Convert 68°F to Celsius.

  20°C
• Energy can be transferred within a system in three main ways: work, heat, and internal energy
• The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale with 0 K as the coldest possible temperature
• When the temperature of a substance increases, its internal energy also increases.

  True
• What are the units of specific heat capacity?

  J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹
• When the temperature of a substance decreases, its internal energy increases.

  False
• During a change of state, the temperature remains constant because the energy is used to break intermolecular bonds.


  True
• What is the energy transfer called when a force acts through a distance?

  Work
• The Kelvin scale has 0 K as the coldest possible temperature.
• What does the variable 'm' represent in the formula Q = mcΔT?

  Mass of the substance
• Specific heat capacity measures how well a substance stores thermal energy.

  True
• Order the processes of melting and boiling based on energy absorption.

  1️⃣ Melting

  2️⃣ Boiling
• During a state change, the temperature of the substance remains constant
• How much energy is needed to melt 5 kg of ice at 0°C?

  1670 kJ
• Match the material with its thermal conductivity:

  Copper ↔️ 400 W/m·K

  Aluminum ↔️ 205 W/m·K

  Glass ↔️ 1 W/m·K

  Wood ↔️ 0.15 W/m·K
• Heat from the sun reaches Earth through the process of radiation
• There are three main methods of thermal energy transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation
• What does temperature measure?

  Average kinetic energy
• The Fahrenheit scale is based on the freezing point of water at 32°F
• Match the temperature scale with its definition:

  Celsius ↔️ Freezing point of water at 0°C

  Fahrenheit ↔️ Freezing point of water at 32°F

  Kelvin ↔️ Absolute zero at 0 K