10.1 Electric Systems and Charge

• What is electric charge in terms of matter?

  Fundamental property
• Match the charge type with its carrier:

  Positive Charge ↔️ Protons

  Negative Charge ↔️ Electrons
• Opposite charges attract each other
• What is the SI unit of electric charge?

  Coulomb
• What does the charge conservation law state about electric charge?

  Neither created nor destroyed
• The conservation of charge means that electric charge cannot be created or destroyed.


  True
• What is the approximate value of the elementary charge in Coulombs?

  1.602 x 10^-19 C
• What are the three primary methods for charging objects?

  Friction, conduction, induction
• What is the key concept in induction?

  Charge polarization
• What does Coulomb's Law describe?

  Electric force between charges
• How can the electric force between two charges be doubled according to Coulomb's Law?

  Double the charges or halve the distance
• What is the SI unit of electric charge?

  Coulomb
• What is an isolated system in the context of the charge conservation law?

  A system with no external influence on electric charge
• In charging by conduction, electrons flow until both objects have the same charge
• The magnitude of the electric force in Coulomb's Law is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
• Electrostatic equilibrium occurs when the net force on each charge in a system is zero
• Electric charge can only be created, not destroyed

  False
• The conservation of charge states that the total charge in an isolated system remains constant.


  True
• Match the charge type with its characteristic:

  Positive Charge ↔️ Repels other positive charges

  Negative Charge ↔️ Repels other negative charges
• Electric charge exists in discrete multiples of the fundamental unit called the elementary charge
• What does the charge conservation law state about the total charge in an isolated system?

  Remains constant
• Match the type of charge with its characteristic:

  Positive Charge ↔️ Repels other positive charges

  Negative Charge ↔️ Attracts positive charge
• The charge conservation law applies only to isolated systems.

  True
• What happens to electrons when a charged object touches an uncharged object during conduction?

  They flow until equal charge
• In friction, electrons are transferred through rubbing
• When a balloon is rubbed on hair, electrons transfer to the balloon
• The magnitude of the electric force in Coulomb's Law is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between charges.


  True
• The principle of conservation of charge states that electric charge can be created or destroyed.

  False
• Electric charge is always quantized in discrete multiples of the elementary charge.


  True
• Charging by friction involves the transfer of electrons
• Charging by induction requires direct contact between objects.

  False
• What is the value of Coulomb's constant in SI units?

  $8.9875 \times 10^{9} \text{ N m}^{2} / \text{C}^{2}$
• Conditions for electrostatic equilibrium

  1️⃣ No net force on each charge

  2️⃣ Charges held in fixed positions or zero velocity

  3️⃣ Total charge in the system conserved
• Positive charges attract negative
• Which particle carries a negative charge?

  Electron
• Like charges repel each other


  True
• The value of the elementary charge is approximately 1.602 x 10^-19 Coulombs.


  True
• The charge conservation law states that electric charge is neither created nor destroyed
• The SI unit of electric charge is the Coulomb
• Order the methods of charging objects from most direct to least direct:

  1️⃣ Conduction

  2️⃣ Friction

  3️⃣ Induction