3.1.2 The Genome

• The genome is organized into structures called chromosomes
• The genome structure differs between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes commonly have plasmids, which carry additional genes.


  True
• What eye color combination results from parents with genotypes BB and bb?

  Bb
• The genome in eukaryotes is located in the nucleus
• Eukaryotes contain introns, which are absent in prokaryotes
• Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and wrapped around histones
• What is the role of the genome in heredity?

  Passes genetic information
• What happens if a parent with brown eyes (BB) has a child with a parent with blue eyes (bb)?

  Offspring has brown eyes (Bb)
• In transcription, DNA is transcribed into mRNA
• What is the genome?

  The complete set of genetic information in an organism
• The genome is made up of DNA, which carries the genetic code.

  True
• Match the term with its definition:

  Genome ↔️ The complete set of genetic information

  DNA ↔️ The molecule carrying the genetic code

  Chromosome ↔️ Structures that contain DNA
• Prokaryotic DNA is not bound by histones
• Genes within the genome determine specific traits, such as hair color and eye color.

  True
• What is the role of DNA in the genome?

  Carries the genetic code
• Where is the prokaryotic genome located?

  Cytoplasm
• How much genetic material does each offspring inherit from each parent?

  Half
• Prokaryotes contain additional genes in circular DNA called plasmids
• Different versions of genes are called alleles
• Match the type of gene with its function:

  Structural Genes ↔️ Code for structural proteins

  Regulatory Genes ↔️ Control gene expression
• The Human Genome Project led to advancements in personalized medicine.


  True
• What is DNA?

  The molecule that carries the genetic code
• Eukaryotic DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called histones.


  True
• The genome plays a crucial role in heredity by passing on genetic information from parents to offspring
• Dominant alleles are always expressed, while recessive alleles are masked unless two copies are present.


  True
• Eukaryotic DNA is tightly coiled around histones, while prokaryotic DNA is not.

  True
• Prokaryotes often have plasmids, which carry additional genes.


  True
• Prokaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes.

  False
• Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles unless two copies of the recessive allele are present.


  True
• What are the possible eye colors of offspring if one parent has brown eyes (Bb) and the other has blue eyes (bb)?

  Brown eyes (Bb) or Blue eyes (bb)
• What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

  Determine complete human DNA sequence