2.1.1 Prenatal Brain Development

• The neural tube eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord.


  True
• Neurogenesis is essential for building complex neural networks.


  True
• Synaptic pruning refines neural networks after synaptogenesis.


  True
• Order the stages of myelination:

  1️⃣ Oligodendrocyte production

  2️⃣ Myelin synthesis

  3️⃣ Insulation
• Stages of myelination in the prenatal brain

  1️⃣ Oligodendrocyte production

  2️⃣ Myelin synthesis

  3️⃣ Insulation
• The stages of prenatal brain development occur in a precise sequence to ensure proper brain formation.


  True
• Match the aspect of synaptogenesis with its description:

  Definition ↔️ Formation of synaptic connections

  Timing ↔️ Begins prenatally and continues postnatally

  Purpose ↔️ Facilitates neural communication

  Importance ↔️ Supports cognitive development
• Myelination improves the speed and efficiency of electrical signal transmission
• Teratogens can interfere with the proper closure of the neural tube, leading to neural tube defects like spina bifida
• Teratogens can disrupt the production and migration of neurons
• What are teratogens capable of disrupting during prenatal brain development?

  Abnormal fetal development
• What role do signaling molecules play in prenatal brain development?

  Guide neuron migration
• Ultrasound is limited in its ability to detect subtle abnormalities
• What happens during neural tube formation in prenatal brain development?

  Formation of brain and spinal cord
• During neuron production, neurons migrate to their proper locations
• Synaptogenesis is the formation of synaptic connections
• Synaptogenesis is followed by synaptic pruning
• Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the brain.


  True
• What are teratogens and how do they affect brain development?

  Substances causing abnormal fetal development
• Genetic factors play a crucial role in regulating prenatal brain development.


  True
• Match the research method with its advantage:

  Fetal MRI ↔️ Detailed images without radiation

  Ultrasound ↔️ Affordable, real-time visualization

  Post-mortem studies ↔️ In-depth anatomical examination

  Animal models ↔️ Allows controlled experiments
• Prenatal brain development refers to the development of the brain during the period before birth
• What happens to neurons during neuron production in prenatal brain development?

  They migrate to locations
• What forms between neurons during synaptogenesis?

  Synapses
• What fatty substance insulates neurons during myelination?

  Myelin
• Myelination is a crucial process in prenatal brain development where neurons become insulated with a fatty substance called myelin
• What does prenatal brain development refer to?

  Brain development before birth
• Stages of prenatal brain development

  1️⃣ Neural tube formation

  2️⃣ Neuron production

  3️⃣ Synapse formation

  4️⃣ Myelination
• Stages of myelination in the prenatal brain

  1️⃣ Oligodendrocyte production

  2️⃣ Myelin synthesis

  3️⃣ Insulation
• Avoiding teratogens during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring proper prenatal brain development.


  True
• Teratogens can slow signal transmission in the brain by disrupting myelination.


  True
• Teratogens can disrupt the rapid production and migration of neurons
• Disruptions to genetic processes during prenatal brain development can lead to neurological disorders.


  True
• Why are animal models used in research on prenatal brain development?

  Controlled experiments on effects of teratogens
• Myelination improves signal transmission in the brain.


  True
• What is the primary function of neurogenesis in prenatal brain development?

  Produce new neurons
• What is the definition of synaptogenesis?

  Formation of synaptic connections
• What is the purpose of myelination in brain development?

  Improve signal transmission
• Key stages of myelination in the prenatal brain

  1️⃣ Oligodendrocyte production

  2️⃣ Myelin synthesis

  3️⃣ Insulation of neurons
• Match the stage of prenatal brain development with the impact of teratogens:

  Neural tube formation ↔️ Neural tube defects

  Neuron production ↔️ Abnormal brain structure

  Synapse formation ↔️ Impaired neural connections

  Myelination ↔️ Slowed signal transmission