3.1 Empires Expand

• Maritime empires focused on sea routes and colonial possessions, while land-based empires relied on overland conquest.


  True
• Land-based empires in the period from c. 1450 to c. 1750 expanded through overland conquest and territorial consolidation
• The Ottoman Empire relied on powerful land armies and a centralized sultanate
• Order the methods used by land-based empires to expand their territories:

  1️⃣ Conquest

  2️⃣ Alliances

  3️⃣ Consolidation
• Land-based empires often formed strategic alliances with neighboring powers to share resources and power
• Match the method used by land-based empires with its example:

  Conquest ↔️ Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

  Alliances ↔️ Alliance between Mongol tribes

  Consolidation ↔️ Ming Dynasty standardizing administration
• Cultural assimilation was a key strategy in territorial consolidation
• Land-based empires relied on strong land armies, while maritime empires depended on powerful navies
• The economic reliance of land-based empires was primarily on agriculture and trade
• The Mughal Empire had large, well-equipped armies
• The Safavid Empire was a Shi'a theocratic monarchy
• Land-based empires sought to expand their control over vast continental territories through overland conquest and territorial consolidation
• Land-based empires primarily focused on territorial consolidation of continental areas
• What were the three main methods or strategies used by land-based empires to expand their territories?

  Conquest, alliances, consolidation
• The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople is an example of expansion through conquest.

  True
• Match the region with its key economic, social, political, and cultural impacts of imperial expansion:

  Europe ↔️ Prosperity, consolidation of power

  Middle East ↔️ Trade routes shift, multi-ethnic societies

  Asia ↔️ Cultural synthesis, diverse populations

  Africa ↔️ Resource exploitation, foreign governance
• In Asia, imperial expansion fostered cultural synthesis and trade growth
• Name three key land-based empires that expanded during the period c. 1450 to c. 1750.

  Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid
• The motivations for land-based imperial expansion included territorial consolidation, economic gain, and political power and prestige
• One of the main approaches used by land-based empires to expand their territories was through military conquest and annexation
• The Ming Dynasty standardized administration as an example of territorial consolidation
• Maritime empires focused on direct control rather than forming alliances for territorial expansion

  True
• Maritime empires focused on sea trade and colonial possessions, unlike land-based empires


  True
• Order the key aspects of land-based empires during the period c. 1450 to c. 1750:

  1️⃣ Overland conquest

  2️⃣ Centralized governance

  3️⃣ Robust armies

  4️⃣ Territorial consolidation
• The Ottoman Empire relied on a centralized sultanate for governance
• The Ming Dynasty's governance was decentralized

  False
• Land-based empires sought economic gain through sea trade

  False
• What were the primary motivations for maritime empires to expand?

  Sea trade and colonial possessions
• Maritime empires enhanced their political power through naval dominance.


  True
• Conquest involves utilizing military force to seize and annex territories
• Maritime empires often left colonial governance decentralized compared to land-based empires.

  True
• What were some key impacts of imperial expansion in Europe?

  Economic prosperity and political consolidation
• Order the key factors influencing the impacts of imperial expansion:

  1️⃣ Extent of territorial control

  2️⃣ Economic policies

  3️⃣ Cultural assimilation
• Maritime empires focused on consolidating vast continental territories, while land-based empires prioritized sea trade.

  False
• Land-based empires used alliances and conquest to expand, while maritime empires relied on naval power and trade agreements.


  True
• Maritime empires relied on alliances to the same extent as land-based empires for territorial expansion

  False
• The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople illustrates the method of territorial conquest
• Land-based empires from c. 1450 to c. 1750 relied on centralized governance
• Land-based empires primarily focused on coastal regions and islands for expansion

  False
• Match the land-based empire with its geographic focus:

  Ottoman Empire ↔️ Southeastern Europe, Anatolia, Middle East

  Mughal Empire ↔️ Indian subcontinent

  Safavid Empire ↔️ Persia and parts of Central Asia

  Ming Dynasty ↔️ East Asia, including China