1.3.4 The Civil Wars

• The King's foreign wars and lavish spending strained the country's finances and led to tensions with Parliament over taxation.

  True
• Which battle resulted in a decisive Parliamentarian victory in Yorkshire?

  Marston Moor
• Who opposed the King during the English Civil Wars?

  Parliamentary forces
• The Gentry wanted to limit the King's power and increase their own influence.


  True
• The Parliamentary groups united to challenge the King's authority.


  True
• The Puritan movement sought to further reform the Church of England
• The King believed in the divine right of kings to rule without oversight from Parliament.


  True
• The loyalist aristocracy supported the monarchy and King Charles I because they valued tradition
• The Battle of Naseby in 1645 secured a Parliamentarian victory in Northamptonshire.


  True
• Yeomen were small landowners and farmers dissatisfied with the King's rule and high taxes
• What groups primarily made up the Royalist forces?

  Royal family, aristocracy, Anglicans
• The Parliamentarians won a decisive victory at the Battle of Marston Moor
• King Charles I was executed in 1649 for treason.


  True
• Key innovations of the New Model Army:

  1️⃣ Standardized training and equipment

  2️⃣ Strict discipline

  3️⃣ Meritocratic promotions

  4️⃣ Cavalry and artillery integration
• The monarchy was restored under Charles II in 1660.

  True
• The monarchy was restored under Charles II in 1660, marking the end of Cromwell's rule.


  True
• Match the Parliamentary forces with their primary goals:

  Puritans ↔️ Religious reform

  Gentry ↔️ Limit royal power

  Merchants ↔️ Fair economic policies

  Yeomen ↔️ Dissatisfaction with King
• Oliver Cromwell led the New Model Army
• What tactical advantage did the New Model Army gain by combining cavalry, infantry, and artillery units?

  Effective integration
• Officers in the New Model Army were promoted based on social status rather than merit.

  False
• Who led the Commonwealth government in England from 1649 to 1653?

  Oliver Cromwell
• What title did Oliver Cromwell hold during the Protectorate?

  Lord Protector
• Which general played a crucial role in orchestrating the Restoration of the Monarchy?

  General George Monck
• The Restoration led to the return of the Anglican Church as the official state religion.

  True
• The English Civil Wars led to increased religious tensions between Puritans and Anglicans.


  True
• What were the three primary causes of the English Civil Wars (1642-1651)?

  Religious, political, economic
• Match the group with its description in the Parliamentary forces:

  Puritans ↔️ Sought religious reform

  Gentry ↔️ Wanted to limit the King's power

  Merchants ↔️ Resented high taxes
• What were the primary groups that made up the Royalist forces?

  Royal family, loyal aristocracy, Anglican Church
• Arrange the following battles of the English Civil Wars in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Edgehill

  2️⃣ Marston Moor

  3️⃣ Naseby
• The Puritans sought further religious reform and opposed the King's Anglican policies
• What group resented the King's economic policies and high taxes?

  Merchants
• Which battle of the English Civil Wars ended inconclusively?

  Edgehill
• Who led the Parliamentarian New Model Army to victory?

  Oliver Cromwell
• The New Model Army replaced the poorly equipped and trained local militia
• What was the period without a monarch in England called after Charles I's execution?

  Interregnum
• Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector
• The Puritans sought to further reform the Church of England
• Which battle of the English Civil Wars resulted in an inconclusive outcome?

  Edgehill
• King Charles I was executed in 1649, marking the end of the monarchy.


  True
• The New Model Army used local militia forces instead of professional soldiers.

  False