1.4.4 Cognitive Theories

• Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development includes three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
• Match the cognitive theory with its description:

  Rational Choice Theory ↔️ Criminals weigh costs and benefits

  Locus of Control ↔️ Belief in control over events
• What is the primary goal of CBT in criminal rehabilitation?

  Change thought patterns and behaviors
• What is an example of universal ethical principles in Kohlberg's postconventional stage?

  Justice and human rights
• Offenders identify the thought processes and cognitive distortions that contribute to their criminal behavior
• Match the cognitive theory with its description:

  Rational Choice Theory ↔️ Decisions based on costs and benefits

  Locus of Control ↔️ Belief in control over events
• Social Contract and Individual Rights is a stage in the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory.


  True
• What is the key emphasis of Social Cognitive Theory?

  Observing and modeling behavior
• What is self-regulation in cognitive theory?

  Monitoring and adjusting actions
• What is the primary focus of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

  Internal moral reasoning
• What is the first key aspect of using CBT in criminal rehabilitation?

  Recognize thought patterns
• What is a strength of cognitive theories in understanding criminal behavior?

  Focus on thought processes
• What is a weakness of cognitive theories in empirical testing?

  Difficulty in validation
• What is the primary focus of cognitive theories in criminal psychology?

  Thought processes and decision-making
• What moral dilemma did Kohlberg use to develop his theory?

  Heinz dilemma
• Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes reciprocal determinism, which involves the interaction between the individual, their behavior, and their environment
• Steps involved in using CBT in criminal rehabilitation:

  1️⃣ Recognize thought patterns

  2️⃣ Challenge thought patterns

  3️⃣ Develop adaptive behaviors
• In Kohlberg's preconventional stage, moral decisions are based on avoiding punishment.


  True
• How does CBT contrast with Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

  Focuses on external factors
• How many levels of moral reasoning are in Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

  Three
• What is the name of the moral dilemma used by Kohlberg to develop his theory?

  Heinz dilemma
• Reciprocal determinism refers to the dynamic interaction between the individual, their behavior, and their environment.


  True
• Observational learning occurs when individuals learn by watching and imitating others' actions
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is used in criminal rehabilitation to help offenders change their behaviors
• In CBT, offenders learn adaptive coping strategies and prosocial behaviors
• Rational Choice Theory provides a rational explanation for criminal behavior by weighing costs and benefits
• Individuals with an external locus of control are more likely to believe they can control events affecting them.

  False
• Kohlberg's theory suggests that moral reasoning progresses linearly through all stages.


  True
• Social Cognitive Theory contrasts with Kohlberg's theory by focusing on external moral reasoning.

  True
• In CBT, offenders are guided to challenge and modify problematic thought patterns
• What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) used for in criminal rehabilitation?

  Changing thought patterns and behaviors
• CBT aims to improve self-control and problem-solving skills in offenders.

  True
• In the preconventional level, moral decisions are based on avoiding punishment
• Order the levels and stages of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development:

  1️⃣ Preconventional: Obedience and Punishment

  2️⃣ Preconventional: Individualism and Exchange

  3️⃣ Conventional: Interpersonal Relationships

  4️⃣ Conventional: Maintaining Social Order

  5️⃣ Postconventional: Social Contract and Individual Rights

  6️⃣ Postconventional: Universal Ethical Principles
• Self-regulation involves monitoring and adjusting one's own behavior
• Reciprocal determinism describes the dynamic interaction between individual, behavior, and environment.

  True
• CBT aims to modify thought patterns and behaviors that lead to criminal acts.


  True
• The goal of CBT in criminal rehabilitation is to improve self-control and problem-solving skills.


  True
• Cognitive theories may oversimplify social, economic, and environmental factors in criminal behavior.

  True