1.4.3 Social Learning Theory

• Individuals learn by observing the behaviors and consequences experienced by others
• Punishment reduces the likelihood of repeating a behavior
• Social learning theory proposes that individuals can learn criminal behavior through observing and modeling
• Match the theory of criminality with its key concept:

  1️⃣ Social Learning Theory

  2️⃣ Biological Theories

  3️⃣ Psychological Theories

  4️⃣ Structural Theories
• Behaviors are less likely to be repeated if they are punished
• Social learning theory contrasts with biological theories, which focus on innate factors.


  True
• Individuals are more likely to imitate behaviors if the model is perceived as rewarding or powerful
• Behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they are reinforced.

  True
• Social learning theory emphasizes the social and environmental influences on criminal behavior.


  True
• What is the central concept of social learning theory?

  Learning criminal behavior
• What is the effect of reinforcement on behavior in social learning theory?

  Increases likelihood of repetition
• What does social learning theory emphasize in contrast to biological or structural theories?

  Social and environmental influences
• Observation and imitation are key mechanisms in social learning theory.


  True
• Negative reinforcement involves removing unpleasant stimuli to increase behavior likelihood.

  True
• Social learning theory posits that individuals learn criminal behavior through observation and imitation.


  True
• Reinforcement, such as praise, increases the likelihood of repeating a behavior.

  True
• What is the effect of punishment on behavior according to social learning theory?

  Decreases likelihood of repetition
• What is the definition of observation in social learning theory?

  Learning by watching others
• What type of reinforcement involves receiving rewards or benefits for engaging in a behavior?

  Positive reinforcement
• What is an example of positive reinforcement in criminal behavior?

  Praise for graffiti
• A teenager who observes peers engaging in theft and receiving praise may be influenced to model this behavior
• What does social learning theory oversimplify according to its weaknesses?

  Complexity of criminal behavior
• Observation in social learning theory refers to observing behaviors and their consequences.


  True
• Match the theory of criminality with its focus:

  Social Learning Theory ↔️ Observational learning and modeling

  Biological Theories ↔️ Innate, genetic, and physiological factors

  Psychological Theories ↔️ Individual cognitive and personality factors

  Structural Theories ↔️ Societal and environmental factors
• Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to perform a specific behavior.


  True
• Teenagers might join a gang because they see gang members as influential figures
• Imitation is more likely if the model is perceived as rewarding or powerful.

  True
• Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to perform a specific behavior.


  True
• Order the key concepts of social learning theory:

  1️⃣ Observation

  2️⃣ Modeling

  3️⃣ Reinforcement

  4️⃣ Punishment

  5️⃣ Self-efficacy
• What influential factors affect observation in social learning theory?

  Credibility and status of model
• Social learning theory contrasts with theories that focus on individual or structural factors
• Match the social learning theory concept with its example:

  Observation ↔️ A child learns to lie by watching a sibling

  Modeling ↔️ A teenager joins a gang
• Reinforcement in social learning theory refers to the process where rewarded behaviors are more likely to be repeated
• Social learning theory emphasizes the role of social and environmental influences on criminal behavior.


  True
• Match the concept with its key process:

  Observation ↔️ Paying attention, remembering

  Modeling ↔️ Replicating observed actions
• Negative reinforcement involves removing unpleasant stimuli
• What are the three key concepts of social learning theory in explaining criminal behavior?

  Observation, Modeling, Reinforcement
• A weakness of social learning theory is the difficulty establishing causality
• Match the theory with its key focus:

  Social Learning Theory ↔️ Observational learning and modeling

  Biological Theories ↔️ Innate genetic factors
• Imitation involves replicating the actions observed, whereas observation involves learning by watching the actions of others