2.4 Particle interactions

• Interactions must obey conservation laws, including conservation of energy, momentum, and charge


  True
• What is the mediating particle for gravity?

  Graviton
• Which fundamental force is responsible for electricity, magnetism, and light?

  Electromagnetic
• What is the mediating particle for the strong force?

  Gluon
• Forces between particles are mediated by the exchange of particles such as gauge bosons.
• Match the fundamental force with its mediating particle:

  Gravity ↔️ Graviton

  Electromagnetic ↔️ Photon

  Strong ↔️ Gluon

  Weak ↔️ W and Z bosons
• Exchange particles mediate the fundamental forces between other particles.
• What is a lepton?

  Fundamental particle without strong force
• What remains constant according to the law of energy conservation?

  Total energy
• What do Feynman diagrams illustrate?

  Particle interactions
• Forces between particles are mediated by the exchange of other particles, such as gauge bosons
• Match each fundamental force with its characteristics:

  Gravity ↔️ Long-range, attractive force

  Electromagnetic ↔️ Long-range, attractive and repulsive force

  Strong ↔️ Short-range, binds quarks together

  Weak ↔️ Short-range, responsible for radioactive decay
• Conservation laws, including energy, momentum, and charge, dictate which interactions can occur

  True
• Match each exchange particle with its force and characteristics:

  Photon ↔️ Electromagnetic, massless and neutral

  Gluon ↔️ Strong, binds quarks in protons

  W and Z Bosons ↔️ Weak, responsible for radioactive decay
• What are particle interactions defined as?

  Exchange of particles and energy
• What are the four fundamental forces?

  Gravity, electromagnetic, strong, weak
• The strong force acts on all particles with mass.

  False
• Gluons carry a color charge.

  True
• Charge conservation states that the total electric charge remains constant in any interaction.
• Arrange the Feynman diagram types from simplest to most complex:

  1️⃣ Emission

  2️⃣ Absorption

  3️⃣ Scattering
• What are particle interactions mediated by?

  Exchange of particles and energy
• List the four fundamental forces in nature

  1️⃣ Gravity

  2️⃣ Electromagnetic

  3️⃣ Strong

  4️⃣ Weak
• Forces between particles are mediated by the exchange of other particles, such as gauge bosons
• Exchange particles mediate the fundamental forces between particles
• The four fundamental forces govern all interactions in the universe


  True
• Conservation laws are essential for determining which particle interactions can occur.

  True
• What are the key differences between the fundamental forces?

  Strength, range, particles acted upon
• Which exchange particle mediates the electromagnetic force?

  Photon
• Match the interaction type with its mediator:

  Electromagnetic ↔️ Photon

  Weak ↔️ W and Z bosons
• Baryon number conservation requires that the number of baryons and anti-baryons must remain equal.

  True
• Match the Feynman diagram type with its description:

  Emission ↔️ Particle emitting another particle

  Absorption ↔️ Particle absorbing another particle

  Scattering ↔️ Particles changing direction