1.7 ATP

• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine triphosphate
• What is the universal energy currency in cells?

  ATP
• Energy is released when ATP undergoes hydrolysis
• ATP synthesis in mitochondria is called photophosphorylation.

  False
• The energy source for photophosphorylation is the electron transport chain.

  False
• What are the products of ATP hydrolysis?

  ADP, Pi, Energy
• Match the component of ATP with its description:

  Adenosine ↔️ Base adenine linked to ribose sugar

  Phosphate Groups ↔️ Three groups store energy
• What is the purpose of ATP hydrolysis in cellular processes?

  To release energy
• The bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP store a large amount of potential energy.

  True
• Photophosphorylation occurs in chloroplasts.


  True
• What is the energy source for mitochondria?

  Electron Transport Chain
• Steps in ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation

  1️⃣ Electron transport chain releases energy

  2️⃣ Protons are pumped into the intermembrane space

  3️⃣ A proton gradient is created

  4️⃣ Protons flow through ATP synthase

  5️⃣ ATP is generated from ADP and Pi
• ATP hydrolysis converts ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate
• ATP is the primary energy currency within cells.
• The ATP cycle ensures a continuous supply of energy
• ATP is not required for muscle contraction.

  False
• Match the reaction with its description and function:

  Hydrolysis ↔️ ATP → ADP + Pi + Energy ||| Releases energy to power cell processes

  Phosphorylation ↔️ ADP + Pi → ATP ||| Stores energy in ATP
• Match the ATP synthesis process with its location:

  Oxidative phosphorylation ↔️ Mitochondria

  Photophosphorylation ↔️ Chloroplasts
• In mitochondria, protons accumulate in the intermembrane space
• In chloroplasts, light energy is used to split water and generate a proton gradient in the thylakoid lumen
• ATP hydrolysis releases energy by breaking a phosphate bond.


  True
• The bonds between phosphate groups in ATP store energy.


  True
• The proton gradient in mitochondria forms in the thylakoid lumen.

  False
• ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups
• Steps in ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation:

  1️⃣ Electron transport chain releases energy

  2️⃣ Protons pumped into intermembrane space

  3️⃣ Proton gradient created

  4️⃣ Protons flow through ATP synthase

  5️⃣ ATP formed from ADP and Pi
• What is formed when ATP loses a phosphate group?

  ADP
• Where does the proton gradient form in chloroplasts?

  Thylakoid Lumen
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine Triphosphate
• What is the name of the reaction that breaks down ATP into ADP and Pi?

  Hydrolysis
• ATP powers active transport by moving substances against their concentration gradients