1.2.2 Deviance from Norms

• Criminal behaviour is defined by society through norms and laws
• In some cultures, minor theft may be viewed as a serious crime
• What does social constructionism argue about deviance?

  Deviance is defined by society
• Societal norms are the unwritten rules that guide behavior in a society


  True
• The boundaries of moral and statistical deviance are socially constructed and subject to change.

  True
• What role does culture play in shaping societal norms?

  Defines acceptable conduct
• How does criminal behavior vary across cultures and time periods?

  Defined by societal norms
• Religious beliefs prohibiting theft or adultery can lead to laws against these behaviors
• What is deemed a crime can vary depending on the cultural, religious, legal, and media contexts.
• Both types of deviance are influenced by societal values and can change over time and across cultures.
• What can labeling lead individuals to embrace?

  Deviant identity
• Isolation and expectations of deviance can drive individuals deeper into criminal activities.

  True
• What is one consequence of deviance from societal norms?

  Social stigma
• What defines criminal behaviour as a social construct?

  Societal norms and laws
• What are the key points of defining criminal behaviour as a social construct?

  Norms vary across cultures
• Cultural relativism suggests that norms defining deviance differ across cultures


  True
• The boundaries of moral and statistical deviance are socially constructed and subject to change
• What type of deviance involves behavior that is rare or unusual within a population?

  Statistical deviance
• Religious teachings and moral codes influence societal perceptions of right and wrong
• Informal deviance is not necessarily illegal, but it may be socially unacceptable
• Match the type of deviance with its definition:

  Legal Deviance ↔️ Violation of laws and formal rules

  Moral Deviance ↔️ Violation of informal social norms and values

  Statistical Deviance ↔️ Behavior that is rare or unusual
• Informal deviance involves breaking unwritten social norms, like public nudity.

  True
• Give an example of informal deviance.

  Adultery
• Stages of the labeling process

  1️⃣ Primary Deviance

  2️⃣ Social Labeling

  3️⃣ Self-Labeling

  4️⃣ Secondary Deviance
• What does labeling theory suggest about societal labeling?

  Leads to deviance
• Deviance from societal norms can have significant consequences affecting both the individual and society.
• Understanding the consequences of deviance is crucial for addressing its impact on individuals and society.
• What is considered a crime can vary across different cultures and change over time

  True
• What is the definition of deviance?

  Behavior violating social norms
• Match the type of deviance with its example:

  Legal Deviance ↔️ Theft

  Moral Deviance ↔️ Adultery

  Statistical Deviance ↔️ Extreme height
• Moral deviance involves the violation of informal social norms and values
• Order the sources of societal norms from most to least formal:

  1️⃣ Laws and regulations

  2️⃣ Religion

  3️⃣ Culture

  4️⃣ Media and popular culture
• Media and popular culture can reinforce or challenge societal norms.


  True
• Cultural relativism suggests that norms defining deviance differ across cultures.


  True
• How can media and popular culture influence perceptions of crime?

  Reinforce or challenge norms
• Formal deviance includes acts punishable by the legal system, such as theft or murder.


  True
• Match the type of deviance with its example:

  Formal Deviance ↔️ Theft

  Informal Deviance ↔️ Public Nudity
• A young person labeled as an addict may face isolation and expectations of deviant behavior.
• Match the stage of labeling with its description:

  Primary Deviance ↔️ Initial acts of norm violation

  Secondary Deviance ↔️ Escalation of deviant behavior
• Match the type of consequence with its example:

  Relationship Strain ↔️ Family tension

  Legal Penalties ↔️ Imprisonment