Immunohema

• Blood banking refers to the process of collecting, testing, processing, storing, and distributing blood and blood products for medical use.
• Solvent/detergent treatment is a method.
• Riboflavin and UV light are used in the following method.
• Irradiation is a method.
• Amotosalen and UV light are used in the following method.
• The primary goal of blood banking is to ensure a safe and adequate supply of blood components for patients in need.
• Blood banking includes donor recruitment and screening, blood collection, processing and component separation, testing for infectious diseases and blood typing, storage, inventory management, distribution, and emergency response.
• Immunohematology is a more specific term that focuses on the study of blood group systems and the immune responses related to blood transfusion.
• Immunohematology involves understanding blood antigens, antibodies, and their interactions, especially in the context of blood transfusions and compatibility.
• Immunohematology includes blood typing, crossmatching, antibody screening, and antibody identification.
• Immunohematology is crucial in determining blood compatibility between donors and recipients to prevent transfusion reactions.
• Blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which blood or blood components are transferred from one person (the donor) to another person (the recipient).
• Blood transfusion has been recognized as a vital force, the essence of life since the beginning of human history.
• Prehistoric man created cave drawings showing individuals bleeding from traumatic wounds.
• Leviticus states "the life of the flesh is in the blood."
• Blood played a central theme in ancient rituals.
• During the G2 phase, the DNA can again function to its maximum in the synthesis of RNA and proteins in preparation for mitotic division.
• The tetraploid DNA is checked for proper replication and damage during the G2 phase.
• The M phase, or mitosis phase, consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
• During metaphase, sister chromatids move to the equatorial plate.
• During telophase, chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, the nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear, and the chromatin pattern reappears.
• The G2 phase, or gap 2, is relatively short, lasting approximately 4 to 5 hours to 4 hours.
• During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
• During prophase, the chromatin becomes tightly coiled, the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disintegrate, centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell, and the cell synthesizes RNA and protein in preparation for cell division.
• Period of cell growth and synthesis of components necessary for replication lasts for approximately 6 hours to 8 hours.
• The S phase, or DNA synthesis, lasts for approximately 6 hours to 8 hours.
• The cell synthesizes RNA and protein in preparation for cell division during the period of cell growth and synthesis of components necessary for replication.
• During the S phase, both growth and metabolic activities are minimal.
• The centrosome is also duplicated during the S stage.
• During the period of cell growth and synthesis of components necessary for replication, the nucleolus becomes visible and the chromosomes are extended and active metabolically.
• Egyptians and Romans took blood baths for physical and spiritual restoration, and Romans even drank the blood of fallen gladiators in the belief that the blood could transmit the gladiator's vitality.
• Precolumbian North American Indians bled the body "of its greatest power" as self-punishment.
• In the Middle Ages, the drinking of blood was advocated as a tonic for rejuvenation and for the treatment of various diseases.
• Pope Innocent VII drank the blood from three young boys in 1492.
• The first recorded blood transfusion in history was performed by William Harvey in 1628.
• Richard Lower successfully transfused blood from one dog to another in 1666, leading Samuel Pepys to speculate on the potential benefits of human transfusion.
• The first published animal-to-human transfusion was performed June 15, 1667, by Jean Baptiste Denis, a physician to Louis XIV, on a 16-year-old boy who had been "tormented with a contumacious and violent fever.""
• Denis subsequently performed such transfusions on three more patients, the last of which resulted in the first ;6malpractice suit for blood transfusion.
• Normal Number of Human chromosomes: 46 (1 pair of 23 chromosomes coming from each parent).
• Transcription is the cellular process by which one str