Energy transfers

• Conduction ~ Process by which vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
• Kinetic energy

  Energy (J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed squared m/s
• gravitational potential energy

  gravitational potential energy (J) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (9.8) (N/kg) x height (m)
• SHC ~ amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kg of a substance by 1°C
• change in energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg) x temperature change
• Internal energy ~ total energy stored by particles, making up a substance or system
• efficiency ~ useful power output / total power input x 100
• Improving efficiency

  • lubrication
  • insulating
  • more streamline