Health & Human Rights

• Cuba's literacy rate = 99%
• Happy planet index = EW x LE/EF

  • EW = experienced well-being
  • LE = life expectancy
  • EF = ecological footprint

  Doesn't consider economy, Costa Rica = 64, UK = 48, USA = 37
• Sharia law most interested in preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage and wealth
• Bolivia & Evo Morales:

  • Nationalisation occured. Extreme poverty fell by 43%, 0.5m lifted from poverty but still 25% still live on under $2 / day. FDI reduced and economy over-reliant on commodities
• Human capital = the economic, social, cultural + political skills of people within a country
• Primary school students not in education:

  • 1990 = 110m
  • 2024 = 70m
• Different in Male : Female literacy rates:

  
  

  • Africa and South Asia: 20%
  • Europe, North Asia and Australasia: virtually no difference
• DRC:

  • 45% of children under 5 suffer from malnutrition due to food insecuirty
  • Life expectancy of 60 years old
  • In mining industry, 40% of workers are children under 15
• Botswanna life expectancy:

  • Men = 56 years
  • Women = 52 years. Due to death during childbirth
• OECD countries:

  • Women live longer than men by 5 years
  • Those with higher education live 5 years longer than those without
• Totallitarian regime = system of government that is centralised and dictatorial. Power in hands of few
• Spending on healthcare:

  • Democractic - higher. Public demands it and can be voted out
  • Totalitarian - lower. Rarely voted out. Uprisings can still occur
• Healthcare:

  • UK = 11% of GDP spent on it
  • Saudi Arabia = 6% of GDP spent on it
• Education:

  • UK = 6% of GDP spent on it
  • Saudi Arabia = 8% - young population & diversify from oil - Vision 2030
• Inequality: richest 10% own 85% of World's wealth
• UDHR = Universal declaraction of human rights. Not legally binding
• ECHR = European convention of human rights. Legally binding. Brought in 1998
• ECHR:

  • Abu Qatada - deportation blocked by ECHR. He's an extremist. Finally got deported in 2013
• ECHR:

  • Prisoners not allowed to vote and ECHR found that unlawful.
• ECHR:

  • Government spying - breached ECHR and violated right to privacy
• Countries that didn't sign UDHR:

  • Saudi Arabia - freedom of religion, right to education contradicts Sharia Law
• Countries that didn't sign UDHR:

  • South Africa - apartheid rule where white minority had dominance. Joined in 1994
• Geneva convention = series of international treaties that establish the standards of international law of humanitarian treatment during conflict
• Geneva convention:

  • 196 countries have joined due to large consensus
• Geneva convention:

  • Nuremburg trials: many Nazi officials trialed for WW2 acts
• Geneva convention:

  • Slobodan Milosevic - former Serb president died in jail waiting trial . Srebrenica massacre. 8000 boys and men killed
• Geneva convention:

  • Benjamin Netenhayho - international arrest warrant yet visited USA under Trump.
• Geneva convention:

  • Syria - President Assad used chemical weapons on own population . No trial & fled to Russia
• Geneva convention:

  • Guantomano bay - rendition so not on US soil. Prisoners tortured and no fair trial. Deterent
• Geneva convention:

  • ISIS - fighters do not get protected by prisoners of war. But are protected by fundamental human rights.
• Prioritise HR over economic growth:

  • Moral and ethics
  • Intl reputation & diplomacy
  • Social stability can promote FDI & economic growth
• Why do democracies prioritise HR:

  • Democracy has similair values as fundamental HR
  • Accountable to population
  • Institutions and media to hold account gov
  • Power not in the hands of few so hard to suppress wrongdoings
• South Korea:

  • Religious freedoms, democracy and equal(ish) pay between men and women
  • GDP / capita (2023) = $34,000
• North Korea:

  • Authoritarian, 10 haircuts for men, isolationist, no free press
  • GDP / capita (2023) = $1,100
• Fog of war = confusion and uncertainty in times of war.
• Singapore:

  • 3rd least corrupt country in globe
  • Index of economic freedom = 1st
• Singapore:

  • Ranks 4th on GDP / capita and purchase power parity / capita
• Singapore:

  • Press freedom = 126 / 180
• China:

  • 1989 Tianaman square - students protesting lack of democracy
• China:

  • Deepseek AI - censorship with CCP