digestion+absorption

• state two parts of the body that produce amylase

  • pancreas
  • salivary glands
• what reaction does amylase catalyse

  hydrolysis of starch into maltose
• what are membrane-bound disaccharidases

  enzymes in the cell membranes of epithelial cells in the ileum
• what does membrane-bound disaccharidases do?

  catalyse the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides

  e.g. maltose into glucose
• where is lipase made and where is it released?

  made : pancreas

  released : small intestine
• what reaction does lipase catalyse

  hydrolysis of lipids into monoglycerides and fatty acids
• what are bile salts?

  they help to digest lipids by forming small lipid droplets known as micelles
• what is emulsification?

  the formation of micelles
• what are endopeptidases?

  enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within the amino acid chain
• what are exopeptidases?

  enzymes that catalyse the peptide bonds at the end of amino acid chains
• describe the stages of active transport of sodium ions into the blood

  1. sodium-dependent co-transporter proteins are located in the epithelial cell membranes
  2. co-transporter proteins actively transport sodium ions into the blood
  3. this causes the concentration gradient of sodium ions in the epithelial cells to decrease