Distinctive landscapes

• What does upland areas mean?

  Upland areas means that they are very hilly and high
• Where are the upland areas in the UK?

  North and West of the UK
• What does lowland areas mean?

  Lowland means flat, low- lying, rolling hills
• Where are the lowland areas in the UK?

  South and East of the UK
• What is a landscape?

  visible features that make up the surface of the land
• What does geology mean?

  The rock type in an area
• What are the three types of rocks?

  igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
• What does geomorphic processes mean ?

  Geomorphic processes are actions that continually shape and change the surface of the earth.
• What are examples of geomorphic processes?

  Weathering, erosion, transport, mass movement, deposition
• Explain freeze thaw weathering

  Water enters the cracks in rocks. Water freezes and expands widening the crack. Ice melts and water goes deeper into cracks. Process repeats until rock splits.
• What are three types of weathering?

  mechanical, chemical, biological
• Explain biological weathering


  Rocks enter small crack in rock. As roots grow, crack gets larger. Rock breaks away.
• What are examples of chemical weathering ?

  Acid rain- rain water and sea water and sea water can be a weak acid.
• What is erosion?


  Erosion is the wearing down of rocks by river
• What are the four types of erosion ?

  Abrasion, Attrition, Hydraulic action, Solution
• What does corrosion do ?
• What is the process that opens up caves by hydraulic action?

  Hydraulic action
• How does a cave grow into a larger structure?

  Through continuous erosion and hydraulic action
• What is formed when a cove is eroded?

  An arch
• What happens to the cove during erosion?

  The cove becomes an arch through erosion
• What is a spit?

  A long ridge of sand or pebbles
• How is a spit formed?

  By longshore drift across a river mouth
• What is a floodplain?

  Flat land beside a river formed by silt
• What is a levee?

  A river embankment caused by deposition
• What is a gorge?

  A valley with high steep sides
• What is a U-shaped valley?

  A valley formed by glacial erosion
• What is a waterfall?

  Water falling from a height
• How is a waterfall formed?

  When hard rock overlays soft rock
• What is the process of freeze-thaw weathering?

  Water freezes and expands in rock cracks
• What is a V-shaped valley?

  A valley shaped by river erosion
• What is biological weathering?

  Weathering caused by plant roots
• How does acid rain affect rocks?

  It dissolves minerals in the rocks
• What is longshore drift?

  The movement of sediment along a beach
• What is the role of waves in coastal erosion?

  Waves crash and erode the coastline
• How do headlands and bays form?

  Through erosion of hard and soft rock layers
• What is a drainage basin?

  The area of land drained by a river
• How does geology affect river landforms?

  Different rock types erode at different rates
• What is a meander?

  A bend or curve in a river
• What is an oxbow lake?

  A lake formed from a meander cutoff
• What is a floodplain?

  A flat area that floods during high water