history

• Miescher believed that proteins carried hereditary information
• the tetranucleotide hypothesis suggests that nucleotides are invariant and repeating
• Griffith studied mice and concluded that there is a transforming principle in bacteria
• Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty showed that DNA was the transforming principle
• Hershey-Chase experiment proved that DNA carries genetic info
• ribose has a hydroxyl group on the 2nd carbon atom and a hydrogen atom on the 3rd carbon atom
• adenine and thymine have 2 hydrogen bonds
• cytosine and guanine have 3 hydrogen bonds
• the phosphate group on a nucleotide is located on the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar
• phosphate groups on the nucleotide bonds to the 3' carbon of the pentose of another nucleotide
• deoyxribose is more stable and less reactive than ribose due to the lack of hydroxyl group
• ribozymes can be genetic material and a catalyst at the same time