The origin of evolution

• Evolution is a change in an organism over time
• Charles darwin formulated the theory of evolution
• H.M.S beagle was done in 1831
• Charles Darwin published the book the origin of species in 1859
• Fossils are the remains of ancient organisms
• Darwins finches were different from one another, they had different beaks which helped them to eat different food sources
• The fossil record shows that life has changed over time
• James Huttom  argues that members of species vary, and that when the environment changes over time, those individuals best adapted to the new environment will survive, while those poorly adapted will perish.
• The theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, or "soft inheritance," holds that an organism experiencing such a modification can transmit such a character to its offspring
• James Hutton proposed that geological changes occur gradually over time via the accumulation of small changes rather than through large catastrophic events.
• Thomas Malthus published the Principle of Population where he made the observations that the human race would be likely to overproduce if the population size was not kept under control.
• According to Jean Lamarck, organisms altered their behavior in response to environmental change. Their changed behavior, in turn, modified their organs, and their offspring inherited those "improved" structures.
• Russel Wallace believed that species changed over time so they could fit into new environments. He summarize his fieldwork in Malaysia.
• adaptation is the biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment.
• variation is the presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species.
• The process of natural selection led to adaptations
• Adaptations are heritable characteristics that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment
• Cherles Lyell proposed the Principles of Geography
• James Hutton 1795 Theory of Geological Change
• Variation - all living things vary from one another
• Population a group of individuals living in the same area at the same time
• Adaptation: the action or process of adapting or being adapted
• Natural selection is the process by which the frequency of a particular allele in a population changes over time.
• Artificial selection is the process of selecting for a particular characteristic in a population.
• Descent with modification is the idea that all living things are related and that they have evolved from earlier forms.
• Overproduction: the production of more of a product, commodity, or substance than is wanted or needed
• Selective pressure Factors in the  environment select  for or against genetic trait.
• Sexual selection is the process by which individuals with traits that increase their reproductive success are more likely to survive and reproduce
• Inter-sexual selection female choose a mate.
• Intra-sexual selection is the competition between males for access to females.