classical conditioning

• classical conditioning: a type of learning where a stimulus gains the power to cause a response because it is associated with another stimulus that already produces the response
• acquisition: the process of developing a learned response
• stimulus: anything in the environment that one can respond to
• response: any behavior or action
• neutral stimulus: does not normally elicit a response or reflex action by itself (bell)
• unconditioned stimulus: always elicits a reflex action (unconditioned response) (food)
• unconditioned response: a naturally occuring response to an unconditioned stimulus (salivation)
• conditioned stimulus: originally neutral stimulus that is paired with unconditioned stimulus to elicit unconditioned response by itself (bell)
• conditioned response: original unconditioned response that becomes conditioned after neutral (salivation)
• stimulus generalization: process in which an organism produces the same result with two similar stimuli
• higher-order conditioning: conditioned stimulus is associated with new neutral stimulus
• stimulus discrimination: process in which an organism produces different responses to 2 similar stimuli
• habituation: no reaction to a stimulus that elicits an automatic response
• extinction: the diminishing of a learned response; occurs after the UCS does not follow a CS for too long
• spontaneous recovery: the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response
• superstitious behavior is pairing a behavior with an unrelated response
• phobia is a negative association that results in a behaavior change
• placebo response: responding to sensory stimulus with appearing to experience the effect
• classical conditioning may explain withdrawal/tolerance of drugs, as well as the placebo response where a regular drug user associates sight, smell, and taste of drugs with its effect
• Preparedness: a biological predisposition to learn associations, such as between taste and nausea, that have survival value