Biology non-communicable disease

    Cards (76)

    • What do coronary arteries supply to the heart?
      Blood
    • What happens when layers of fatty materials build up in the coronary arteries?
      They narrow the arteries
    • What is the result of narrowed coronary arteries?
      Less blood flow and oxygen to the heart
    • What are the treatments and prevention methods for coronary heart disease?
      • Stents
      • Statins
    • What do stents do in the coronary arteries?
      They hold the artery open
    • How do statins help in coronary heart disease?
      They reduce blood cholesterol levels
    • Where is the heart located in the body?
      In the chest cavity (thorax)
    • What are the lower two chambers of the heart called?
      Atria
    • What is the heart primarily made of?
      Muscle
    • Which chamber of the heart has the thickest muscle wall?
      The right ventricle
    • What do coronary arteries do?
      Carry blood to the heart muscle
    • What is the average human heart rate?
      96 beats per minute
    • In which direction does blood flow from the ventricles?
      To the atria
    • What do veins do?
      Carry blood towards the heart
    • What type of blood does the left side of the heart contain?
      Oxygenated blood
    • What do red blood cells carry?
      Oxygen
    • What does oxygenated blood contain?
      No carbon dioxide
    • What is the function of valves in the heart?
      Prevent backflow of blood
    • From where do valves prevent backflow?
      From the atria into the ventricles
    • How does lifestyle affect heart disease risk?
      Your lifestyle affects your risk
    • What are the advantages of stents?
      They hold arteries open and allow blood flow
    • What are the disadvantages of stents?
      Risk of infection and thrombosis
    • What do statins do to blood cholesterol?
      Decrease blood cholesterol
    • What is a disadvantage of taking statins?
      They must be taken regularly
    • What is a risk factor?
      An aspect linked to increased disease risk
    • How is smoking related to cardiovascular disease?
      It is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
    • What can happen to women who smoke during pregnancy?
      They risk premature birth and low birth weight
    • What are the advantages and disadvantages of heart transplants?
      Advantages:
      • Keeps patient alive while waiting for transplant
      • Can give diseased heart a new chance

      Disadvantages:
      • Temporary solution
      • Expensive and may need hospital stay
    • What are biological and mechanical valves used for?
      • They ensure blood flows in the correct direction
      • Can become faulty, leading to backflow of blood
    • What are the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease?
      • Lifestyle choices (e.g., smoking)
      • Environmental factors
      • Genetic predispositions
    • What is the relationship between risk factors and disease?
      • Some risk factors have proven links to diseases
      • Causal mechanisms can be established for certain factors
    • What date is Thursday, 27 March?
      27 March
    • What is a risk factor associated with excessive alcohol consumption?
      Increased rate of disease
    • What happens to coordination when a person is drunk?
      Drunk-walking and balancing become harder
    • What are some effects of excessive alcohol consumption?
      Slurred speech, vomiting, blackouts
    • What is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes?
      Poor diet and lack of exercise
    • What type of radiation is a risk factor for skin cancer?
      UV light exposure from the sun
    • What is a risk factor for liver disease and liver cancer?
      Overconsumption of alcohol
    • What is the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
      It increases the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome
    • What is the main component of alcohol?
      Ethano