Health Statistics - CHN 2

• Vital Statistics refers to the systematic study of vital events
• Health Indicators refer to a list of information that would determine the health of a particular community or country.
• 3 Common Vital Statistical Indicators:

  1. Population indicators
  2. Morbidity indicators
  3. Mortality indicators
• Morbidity indicators are generally based on the disease-specific incidence or prevalence for the common and severe diseases such as dengue, diabetes.
• Life expectancy is an estimate of how long people will live at any given age.
• Population indicators include not only the population growth indicators but also other population dynamics (migration) that can affect the age-sex structure of the population and vice versa.
• Mortality indicators provide information of the health status of the people in the community.
• Morbidity and Mortality indicates the state of health of a community and the success or failure of health work.
• Morbidity is the statistics of disease.
• Mortality is the statistics of death.
• Live birth is the condition wherein the infant at or some time after birth breathes spontaneously, or shows any other sign of life such as heartbeat or pulsation of the umbilical cord.
• Uses of Vital Statistics:

  1. An indispensable tool in planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of any health program.
  2. Provides valuable clues to the nature of health services or actions needed.
  3. Determines factors that may contribute to causation and control of diseases.
  4. Monitors implementation of health programs.
  5. Evaluates outcomes of health programs.
• Rate is the number of events in a given population over a specific period or at a given point in time.
• Rate can be expressed as crude or specific.
• Crude or general rates refers to the total living population; use total population as the denominator.
• Total population is the denominator for crude rates.
• specific rate is the relationship of a specific population class or group.
• Birth rate is the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at the mid-year.
• ratio is used to describe the relationship between two (2) numerical quantities.
• incidence measures the number of new cases, episodes, or events occuring over a specified period of time, commonly a year, within a specified population at risk.
• Sources of Health Data

  1. Health survey
  2. Population census
  3. Registry of vital events
  4. Health records and reports
  5. Studies and researches
  6. Hospital data
  7. Health insurance
  8. Surveillance system
• Vital Statistics
• Total Living Population is the denominator of crude birth rate and crude death rate.
• Crude birth rate is a measure of one characteristic of the natural growth or increase of a population.
• Crude death rate is a measure of one mortality from all causes which may result in a decrease of a population.
• In interpreting answers to computations, the answer will always be read as "the number of the numerator for every factor of the denominator."
• denominator of SMR and C-DR is midyear population
• Specific Mortality Rate shows rate of deaths in groups with specific characteristics according to: age, sex, occupation, education, exposure to risk factors.
• denominator of NMR and Post NMR is total livebirths
• Neonatal deaths are primarily due to genetic or prenatal factors.
• Post neonatal deaths are often caused by environmental, genetic, nutritional, and infectious diseases.
• Stillbirths refer to fetal deaths that occur at or beyond 28 weeks gestation or weighing more than 1000 grams.
• Perinatal mortality includes stillborn births and early neonatal deaths (within 7 days).
• Infant mortality refers to death during the first year of life.
• Child mortality refers to the death of children between birth and adolescence (age 9).
• Under five mortality refers to the death of children aged less than five years.
• Perinatal mortality is often used as an index of the adequacy of obstetric care in a certain community.
• Types of Graphs:

  1. Lines graphs
  2. Bar graphs
  3. Pie chart
• Line graphs useful for showing a long series of data and for comparing several series.
• Bar graphs are used to compare data and show relationships between groups or items (variables).