Reactivity Series and rusting

• How does reactivity change in metals down a group?

  Reactivity decreases down the group
• What is a displacement reaction?

  A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal
• What is rusting?

  Iron reacts with oxygen and water to form rust
• What are the methods to prevent rusting?

  • Painting: Prevents contact with water and oxygen
  • Galvanizing: Coating with zinc
  • Sacrificial Anodes: More reactive metal corrodes instead
• What do metals produce when they react with water?

  Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
• What does the reaction's vigour depend on when metals react with water?

  The metal's reactivity
• Which metals react rapidly with cold water?

  Potassium, sodium, and lithium
• How do less reactive metals like magnesium react with water?

  Very slowly or only with steam
• Which metals do not react with water?

  Copper, silver, and gold
• What is the balanced equation for sodium reacting with water?

  $2Na(s) +$$2H_2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) +$$H_2(g)$
• What are the observations when sodium reacts with water?

  Fizzing, movement on water, purple solution
• What do metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series produce when reacting with dilute acids?

  A salt and hydrogen gas
• What determines the type of salt produced in a reaction with acids?

  The acid used in the reaction
• Which metals do not react with dilute acids?

  Copper, silver, and gold
• What is the balanced equation for magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid?

  $Mg(s) +$$2HCl(aq) → MgCl_2(aq) +$$H_2(g)$
• What is the balanced equation for zinc reacting with sulfuric acid?

  $Zn(s) +$$H_2SO_4(aq) → ZnSO_4(aq) +$$H_2(g)$
• What type of reactions are metal reactions with acids?

  Redox reactions
• What happens to metal atoms during redox reactions with acids?

  They lose electrons (oxidation)
• What happens to hydrogen ions during redox reactions with acids?

  They gain electrons (reduction)
• What is a displacement reaction?

  • More reactive metal displaces less reactive metal
  • General pattern:
  • more reactive metal + less reactive metal salt
  • → more reactive metal salt + less reactive metal
  • Used to determine order of reactivity of metals
• What is the balanced equation for magnesium displacing copper from copper sulfate?

  $Mg(s) +$$CuSO_4(aq) → MgSO_4(aq) +$$Cu(s)$
• What are the observations when magnesium displaces copper from copper sulfate?

  Blue color fades, copper forms as solid
• What happens to the more reactive metal in a displacement reaction?

  It loses electrons and is oxidized
• What happens to the less reactive metal ion in a displacement reaction?

  It gains electrons and is reduced
• What are the half equations for magnesium and copper(II) sulfate?

  $Mg(s) → Mg^{2+}(aq) +$$2e^{-}, Cu^{2+}(aq) +$$2e^{-} → Cu(s)$