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Biology paper2
TOPIC 8
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erika
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Blood
is a tissue that has
red
blood cells,
white
blood cells,
platelets
and
plasm
Red
blood cells carry
oxygen
around the body.
Platelets
are involved with
clotting
to stop
bleeding
when we get injured.
White
blood cells
engulf
and
produce
antibodies
red blood cells
don’t
have
nucleus
for more
oxygen
space
Arteries
carry blood
away
from the heart
arteries
have :
Thick
walls, walls that are
strong
and
elastic
Arteries carry
oxygenated
blood except
pulmonary
artery
Capillaries
connect
arteries and veins
capillaries
are very
narrow
and the wall is
one
cell
thick
Capillaries
have
permeable
walls
for substance to diffuse
Veins
carry
blood
back
to the
heart
veins
have
thin
walls and
bigger
lumen
Veins
have
valves
to
prevent
back
flow of blood
Veins
carry
deoxygenated
blood except
pulmonary vein
Right
atrium
is the
pacemaker
More
muscle
on
left
side of heart to pump
blood
around the
body
Cornary
artery supplies
oxygen
to
heart
muscle
Aorta
sends
oxygenated
blood around the
body
vena cava
receives
deoxygenated
blood
Faulty
valves can be replaced by
biological
or
mechanical
valves
cardiac output
= heart rate x
stroke
volume
heart rate
is number of times it
contracts
per
minute
Heart pumps blood in a
double
circulatory
system
metabolism
is the
sum
of all reactions in a
cell
or
body
repeat
experiment at
different
temperatures
the
extra
amount
of
oxygen
required to
remove
all
lactic
acid from the cells is the
oxygen debt
during exercise the
heart
rate,
breathing
rate and
breathing
volume
increases
respiration
is an
exothermic
reaction that
releases energy
for
metabolic
reactions
anaerobic
respiration releases
less
energy
liver
oxidises lactic
acid and converts it back into
glucose
soda
lime
absorbs
carbon dioxide
produced by organism
diffusion
is the
net movement
of particles from an area of
high
concentration
to an area of
low
concentration
shorter
diffuse
distance,
large
surface
area to volume ratio and increased concentration gradient
Plasma
transports
hormones
,
waste
, cells and
carbon dioxide
Anaerobic
Glucose
--->
Lactic
acid
if
surface area
:
volume
ratio
decreases
the rate of
diffusion slows down
Arteries
have
elastic
fibers
that stretch for
blood
to enter
Soda lime
used in experiment to measure volume
decrease
when
oxygen
is getting
used up
Temperature
affects the
rate
of
respiration
and is an independent variable
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