Topic 2 bio

• What are the main types of tissues in the body?

  Muscle, connective, epithelial, and nervous
• What is the role of enzymes?

  To catalyze chemical reactions
• How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

  Temperature changes can increase or decrease activity
• What is activation energy?

  The energy required to start a reaction
• What is an enzyme-substrate complex?

  It is formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate
• What are the properties of enzymes?

  They are specific, reusable, and sensitive to conditions
• What happens when conditions change for enzymes?

  Enzyme activity can increase or decrease
• What are the main food tests for nutrients?

  • Carbohydrates: Benedict's test
  • Proteins: Biuret test
  • Lipids: Emulsion test
  • Vitamins: Varies by vitamin
  • Minerals: Flame test
  • Water: Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate test
• What is a deficiency disease?

  A disease caused by lack of nutrients
• What are risk factors for health?

  Behaviors, genetics, and environmental factors
• What is the function of arteries?

  To carry blood away from the heart
• What is the role of red blood cells?

  To transport oxygen throughout the body
• What is the function of platelets?

  To help in blood clotting
• What is the role of plasma in blood?

  To transport cells, nutrients, and waste
• How does smoking affect lung health?

  It increases the risk of lung cancer
• What are statins used for?

  To lower cholesterol levels in the blood
• What is an artificial heart?

  A mechanical device that replaces a heart
• What are heart valves?

  Structures that prevent backflow of blood
• What is the purpose of artificial blood?

  To maintain blood volume in patients
• What are the factors that affect health?

  • Behavioral factors (diet, exercise)
  • Genetic predispositions
  • Environmental influences (pollution, access to healthcare)
  • Stress levels
• What is neuroplasticity?

  The brain's ability to reorganize itself
• What are analgesics used for?

  To relieve pain
• What is the role of antidepressants?

  To treat depression and anxiety disorders
• What are anti-inflammatories used for?

  To reduce inflammation and pain
• What is the function of the central nervous system?

  To process and transmit information
• What are sensory neurons responsible for?

  Transmitting sensory information to the brain
• What is the role of myelin sheath?

  To insulate axons and speed up impulses
• What is a reflex arc?

  A neural pathway that controls reflex actions
• What is homeostasis?

  The maintenance of stable internal conditions
• What is osmoregulation?

  The regulation of water balance in the body
• What is thermoregulation?

  The regulation of body temperature
• What is the menstrual cycle?

  The monthly cycle of hormonal changes in females
• What is fertilization?

  The union of sperm and egg cells
• What is cloning?

  The process of creating a genetically identical organism
• What is genetic engineering?

  The manipulation of an organism's DNA
• What is the food chain?

  A sequence of organisms each dependent on the next for food
• What are adaptations?

  Traits that enhance survival in an environment
• What is pollution?

  The introduction of harmful substances into the environment
• What is deforestation?

  The clearing of forests for land use
• What is germination?

  The process by which a seed develops into a new plant