How an electric motor works

• What concept describes the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field?

  The motor effect
• What determines the direction of the force on a wire in a magnetic field?

  The directions of the magnetic field and current
• How can you determine the direction of the force on a wire?

  Using Fleming's left-hand rule
• What happens to the force direction if the current direction is reversed?

  The force direction also reverses
• What happens to the coil when the current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal?

  The coil starts to spin clockwise
• What occurs when the coil is rotated by 180 degrees?

  The current direction in the coil reverses
• Why does the coil flip back and forth instead of rotating 360 degrees?

  The forces acting on the coil swap direction
• What device is used to change the direction of the current every half turn?

  A split ring commutator
• What is the function of the split ring commutator in a motor?

  It swaps positive and negative connections
• How does the split ring commutator affect the coil's rotation?

  It ensures the coil rotates in the same direction
• What happens to the current flow when the split ring commutator rotates?

  The current always flows in the same direction
• What types of devices commonly use electric motors?

  Fans, vehicles, and hard drives
• What is necessary for real-life motors compared to the simple model discussed?

  They need to be more powerful
• How can the speed of an electric motor's rotation be increased?

  By increasing current, adding turns, or using stronger magnets
• What are the methods to increase the speed of an electric motor's rotation?

  • Increase the current passing through the wire
  • Add more turns to the coil
  • Increase the magnetic flux density with stronger magnets