Oral Com. 2nd quarter

• Nomination: A speaker carries out a nomination to establish a topic collaboratively and productively.

  • starting the conversation
• Restriction: in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker
• Turn-taking: The process of taking turns in speaking in a conversation.

  • It pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor.
• Topic Control: control how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topics in conversations
• Topic Shifting: involves moving from one topic to another
• Repair : refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they encounter in a conversation
• Termination: refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation
• Language Form

  ·       This refers to the formality or informality of the language used and it involves the choice of words and how sentences or utterances are structured
• Formal language: is used when talking with professionals or persons in authority in a formal way
• Informal: language is used without much consideration to rules of convention or etiquette
• Duration of Interaction: This refers to the amount of time a conversation
• Relationship of Speaker

  ·       speech style used by the speaker suited to his/her relationship to the person with whom he/she is communicating.
• Frozen – the speaker addresses an audience in a formal gathering
• Consultative – the speaker communicates with a person discuss a problem or seek advice
• Casual – the speaker shares close and personal information
• Formal – the speaker has to deliver a pre-planned or written speech to address a crowd of people
• Intimate style – the speaker talks to family members, best 9 friends or romantic partners
• Role and Responsibility of Speaker

  ·       The speaker may be a person who gives information and additional knowledge to another person or an audience

  - to inform

  - to persuade

  - to entertain
• Message

  ·       This involves the content of the message.
• Delivery

  ·       This refers to the manner of delivery involving verbal and nonverbal cues made by the speaker.
• extemporaneous – speaking with limited preparation and guided by notes or outline
• impromptu – speaking without advanced preparation or unrehearsed speech
• memorized – planned and rehearsed speech
• manuscript – reading aloud a written message.

   
• Speech Context

  ·       Intrapersonal is communication with oneself.

  ·       Interpersonal communication this kind of communication involves the transmission of messages ( dyadic, small group)

  ·       Public communication addresses a large number of people

  -Mass communication : utilizes media to deliver a speech
• Speech act

  ·       Locutionary act is the actual act of uttering or saying something.

  ·       Illocutionary act is the social function of what is said.

  ·       Perlocutionary act refers to the consequent effect of what was said
• Audience Profile

  Knowing your audience demographic profile
• ·       The logical organization:

  - arrangement of thoughts when it comes to speech writing can be defined as all aspects of your writing that help the reader move smoothly

  • introduction
  • body
  • conclusion
• Body of the speech is the core part of the speech that addresses the main ideas and principles of the speech.
• ~   Problem-Solution Order

  ~   Categorical/Topical Order - sub-topics

  ~   Chronological Order - sequence

  ~   Comparison and Contrast Order

  ~   Spatial/Geographical Order - different places

  ~   Causal Order - cause and effect
• Conclusion: functions as the summarizer of the entire speech. The conclusion has to be written using different strategies (Tandoc, 2016)
• Word Choice

  ·       The use of conversational language helps put the audience feel at ease and creates a special bond
• Grammatical Correctness

  - prevent misunderstanding and misinterpretation between you and the audience
• Articulation: diction and enunciation are other forms of articulation
• Modulation

  - This happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your voice
• Stage presence

  ·       The speaker’s ability to get and secure the audience's interest in listening to him/her

  Facial expressions
• Facial expressions

  ·       communicate emotions and enthusiasm while speaking, the speaker must use emphatic and descriptive gestures.
• Rapport

  ·       It happens when you have everything in concordance or harmony.

  - the way you dress is part of this

  - your credibility