changing context

• 1. Early Classical

  Haydn no.31 Hornsignal

  • EsterHazy family patron
  • written to celebrate addition of 2 more horns in orchestra
  • top musicians allow more challenging music to be written

  Mozart no.35 Haffner

  • worked mostly on commission
  • Haffner family commissioned in Salzburg as family member ennobled
• 2. Hayden 104

  • commissioned by Johann Salomon (solo German violinist)
  • Hadyn no longer working for Esterhazy family but still given salary
  • written for a series of concerts in London when Haydn visited
  • first half written in London, second half written in Vienna and London on his second visit
• 3. Beethoven no.3 Eroica

  • initially dedicated to Napolean but retracted when Napolean declared emperor
  • during Napoleonic wards, Beethoven relied on selling composition rights for income
  • growth of nationalism through music <- concert societies promote national music
  • Beethoven earn income from performances
  • also Patrons e.g. Prince Lobkowitz(commissioned 3, 5 and 6)
  • no.9 Choral commissioned by Philharmonic Society but also dedicated to King Wilhelm III
• 4. Mendelssohn Italian

  • commissioned by Philharmonic Society of London
  • promote performances and encourage public appreciation
  • initial collab. symphony no.1 and British premiere Hebrides Overture
  • Mendelssohn introduced other musicians e.g. Joachim and conducted "Royal Command" performances to Queen Vic and Albert
• 5. Late Romantic

  Dvorak no.9

  • moved to USA and director of National Conservatory of Music of America
  • m2 used as Hovis adverts in 80s <- income
  • wrote to promote conservatory
  • subtitle encourages audience to seek out influence of afro/american folk in symphony
  • showing how to incorporate in musical language