Pre-Darwinian ideas

• What is the process of change according to Lamarck's theory?

  Inheritance of acquired traits
• What was Aristotle's primary contribution to biology?

  Classified organisms by features
• Who proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics before Darwin?

  Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
• Who proposed the concept of uniformitarianism?

  Charles Lyell
• What examples did Cuvier use to explain his theory?

  Floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions
• Match the concept with its description:

  Catastrophism ↔️ Sudden, violent geological events cause mass extinctions

  Mass Extinction ↔️ Widespread disappearance of species

  Divine Creation ↔️ New species created by a higher power
• What was a central belief in the Pre-Darwinian Era about species?

  Species were created perfectly
• Match the key ideas of uniformitarianism and catastrophism:

  Uniformitarianism ↔️ Gradual, continuous processes

  Catastrophism ↔️ Sudden, catastrophic events
• Which natural forces did Lyell believe changed the Earth's surface slowly?

  Rain, wind, rivers
• What was Charles Lyell's idea about how the Earth was made?

  Like building a sandcastle
• What is the primary argument of uniformitarianism?

  Gradual change over time
• Charles Lyell argued that geological features form through sudden, catastrophic events.

  False
• What term did Malthus use to describe the crisis caused by population exceeding resources?

  Malthusian catastrophe
• Match the thinker with their contribution:

  Aristotle ↔️ Classified organisms by features

  Plato ↔️ Proposed theory of forms

  Carl Linnaeus ↔️ Developed taxonomy system
• Match the era with its key concept:

  Pre-Darwinian Era ↔️ Belief in fixed species

  Darwinian Era ↔️ Evolution by natural selection
• How does uniformitarianism view the role of time in shaping the Earth?

  Over millions of years
• Lamarck believed that giraffes with longer necks were more likely to survive and reproduce

  False
• What does the Pre-Darwinian Era refer to?

  Ideas before Darwin's theory
• Contrast the processes that shape the Earth according to uniformitarianism and catastrophism:

  1️⃣ Uniformitarianism: Earth shaped over vast time

  2️⃣ Catastrophism: Earth shaped by major disasters
• Who developed the system of taxonomy for naming organisms?

  Carl Linnaeus
• What type of growth does Malthus predict for population?

  Exponential
• The red curve in Malthus's graph represents the growth of resources.

  False
• What example did Lamarck use to explain his theory of evolution?

  Giraffes stretching their necks
• What were some of the key influences on Darwin's ideas about evolution?

  Geological theories, population growth, domestic breeding
• Uniformitarianism proposed that Earth's geological processes occur rapidly and dramatically.

  False
• Selective breeding is a natural process that occurs without human intervention.

  False
• What type of growth is represented by the blue line in the graph?

  Linear
• Lyell believed in rapid, catastrophic changes to the Earth's surface.

  False
• What type of events does catastrophism argue shaped the Earth?

  Unobservable events
• What did Cuvier believe caused mass extinctions?

  Catastrophic events
• What was the central idea of Malthus's theory of population growth that influenced Darwin?

  Competition for resources
• Steps in the gradual change of Earth's surface according to Lyell's theory

  1️⃣ Rain erosion

  2️⃣ Wind erosion

  3️⃣ River erosion
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