neurons

• Neural tissue contains two kinds of cells: neurons and neuroglia (glial cells).
• Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system and send and receive signals, whether it is sensory information or motor command, it is sent by neuron.
• Neuroglia (glial cells) support and protect neurons and do not send or receive signals.
• A multipolar neuron has two types of structures: the cell body (soma) which contains a large round nucleus and a prominent nucleolus, and numerous mitochondria that produce energy, and dendrites which are hair-like structures that are very sensitive to stimulation.
• The axon of a multipolar neuron is the long strand that impulse gets transmitted through.
• The axon terminal of one neuron is attached to another neuron, this is the way the impulse is going to get transmitted, it is known as a synapse.
• The structure of a multipolar neuron includes the cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, and axon terminals.
• Neuroglia (glial cells) are support and protect neurons and do not send or receive signals.
• A unipolar neuron has one long axon and no dendrites, it is found in sensory neurons of the PNS.
• Bipolar neurons are small and rare, found in special sensory organs such as sight, smell, and hearing, they have one dendrite and one axon.
• Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
• Visceral sensory neurons monitor the internal (physiological) environment of the body.
• Motor neurons, also known as efferent neurons, carry instructions/commands from the CNS to effectors (organs or muscles).
• Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles, carrying instructions to skeletal muscle and enabling movement.
• Visceral motor neurons innervate cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands.
• Interneurons are located in the brain and spinal cord, connect sensory and motor neurons, and are responsible for distribution of sensory information, coordination of motor activity, and higher functions such as memory, planning, and learning.
• Interneurons cannot be classified as sensory or motor as they connect the/to both.