Earth Sci

• Exogenic Process: A geologic process that occurs on the surface of the Earth such as weathering, erosion; mass wasting and sedimentation.
• Types of Exogenic Processes: Weathering, Mass wasting, Erosion, Sedimentation.
• Weathering: The changes occurring at or near the surface of the Earth which includes disintegration and decomposition.
• Disintegration: A mechanical process that breaks large masses of rocks into small fragments.
• Decomposition: A chemical process which results in the formation of new substances such as from elements to rocks.
• Physical Weathering: This is also known as mechanical weathering or disintegration cause rocks into small pieces with piece retaining the characteristics of the original.
• Frost Wedging: Generally, rocks have fracture in its surface and when water accumulates in the crack and at that point freezes, the ice expands and breaks the rock apart.
• Exfoliation: Pressure released from rocks, rock cracks and flakes off in layer.
• Abrasion: The breakdown of rocks is caused by impact and friction.
• Biological Activity: The roots grow causing penetration into the crack, expand, and in the long run, break the rock.
• Chemical Weathering: Occurs when the internal structure of mineral changed by the removal or addition of elements.
• Dissolution: It occurs in specific minerals which are dissolved in water.
• Oxidation: It is the response of oxygen with minerals.
• Landslide: Masses of rocks or sediment slide downslope along surface.
• Rockslide: Rapid flow of rock mass along flat inclined surface.
• Rock Fall and Debris Fall: A free falling of dislodged bodies of rocks or a mixture of rock, regolith, and soil in the case of debris fall.
• Slump: Due to slow to moderate sliding of sediment or rack mass along a curved surface.
• Mudflow: A very slow to rapid movement of fine-grained sediment and rock particles up to30% water.
• Erosion: The incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent such as water, wind, or ice.
• Agents of Erosion: Running Water, Wind, Sea or Ocean Waves, Groundwater, Gravity, Glaciers.
• Types of Glaciers: Valley (Alpine) glaciers, Ice Sheets (Continental Glaciers), Ice Shelves.
• Causes of Erosion: Kaingin Method/Farming, Logging, Infrastructure Projects, Mining, Burning Grasslands.
• Sedimentation: The natural process in which material such as stones is carried to the bottom of bodies of water and forms a solid layer.
• Endogenic Process: Geologic processes that occur beneath the surface of the earth.
• Earth’s Internal Heat is important because it sustains life, from microorganism to macro-organisms.
• Metamorphism is a process of changing material that make up a rock.
• Faulting is the vertical movement of the Earth’s crust involves uplift or subsidence of crust along the lines of weakness.
• Conduction is one of the three main ways that heat energy moves from place to place.
• The process of heat exchange between the Sun and the Earth, through radiation, controls the temperatures at the Earth's surface.
• The Transfer of Heat Energy in the Earth involves Convection, Conduction, and Radiation.
• During the earth formation of the Earth, the internal heat energy that gradually gathered together by means of dispersion in the planet during few million years of evolution is called Primordial Heat.
• Conduction governs the thermal conditions in almost entire solid portions of the Earth and plays a very important role in the lithosphere.
• Plate Convergence or Convergent Movement occur when plates crush into each other and land crumples, forming trenches and mountain.
• PRIMORDIAL HEAT is the heat left over from the formation of Earth.
• Folding is the horizontal movement of Earth’s crust results in folding.
• The Lithosphere of Earth is composed of crust and upper mantle.
• The Earth is divided into 3 main parts, the Crust, Mantle and Core.
• Magmatism is a process that happens when magma is generated and develops into igneous rock.
• The Inner and Outer Core of Earth are both made of iron and nickel alloy.
• Volcanism (Plutonism) is a process that usually happens after the magma is formed.