Ch. 10

• Binary fission: a single bacterial cell duplicates its genetic material and divides into 2 daughter cells

  • Asexual reproduction
  • Quick, efficient
• Genes: discrete segments of coiled DNA molecules

  • Contain instructions for building proteins and regulating cell processes
• Cell cycle: process that provides each new cell with a complete set of chromosomes

  
• Chromosomes: structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus, carries genetic information

  • Genes: sequence of nucleotides that form part of a chromosome
• • Chromatin: DNA, RNA, and protein material that eukaryotic chromosomes are made of
  • Centromeres: region of chromosomes where the microtubules of the spindle attach
  • Telomeres: region of repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome
• Cell Cyle: Interphase(3 divisions of interphase)

  • G1 phase: responsible for growth and preparation
  • S phase: DNA replication
  • G2 phase: final preparations
• Mitosis

  • Goal: proper distribution of chromosomes

  into daughter cells

  • All to preserve genetic integrity and diversity
  • Includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
• Cell Cycle Phases:

  • Interphase
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
• Cancer: disruption in cell growth

  • Uncontrolled growth
  • Impaired DNA repair