2.3.2 Types of Radiation

• What particles make up alpha radiation?

  Helium nuclei
• Alpha particles have a positive charge of +2.
• The penetration power of alpha particles is low
• What particles make up beta radiation?

  Electrons or positrons
• Match the property with beta radiation:

  Composition ↔️ Electrons or positrons

  Symbol ↔️ β⁻ or β⁺

  Penetration power ↔️ Medium
• Gamma rays have no charge.
• What is the charge of a beta-minus particle?

  -1
• Match the type of radiation with its composition:

  Alpha Radiation ↔️ Helium nuclei

  Beta Radiation ↔️ Electrons or positrons

  Gamma Radiation ↔️ Electromagnetic waves
• What is the symbol for gamma radiation?

  $γ$
• Beta-minus particles are emitted when a neutron decays into a proton
• Beta particles can penetrate paper but are stopped by an aluminum sheet
• What type of waves does gamma radiation consist of?

  Electromagnetic waves
• Beta radiation consists of electrons or positrons.
• What are the components of a helium nucleus in alpha radiation?

  2 protons and 2 neutrons
• Beta-plus decay occurs when a proton decays into a neutron.
• Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei
• What type of particle is emitted in beta-minus decay?

  Electron
• What are the two types of particles emitted in beta radiation?

  Electrons or positrons
• Match the radiation type with its composition:

  Alpha radiation ↔️ Helium nuclei

  Beta radiation ↔️ Electrons or positrons

  Gamma radiation ↔️ Electromagnetic waves
• What type of material is used to shield against gamma radiation?

  Thick lead or concrete
• Gamma rays are uncharged and have no mass.
• Gamma radiation has the highest penetration power among the three types
• What are the key properties to focus on when identifying radiation types?

  Composition, charge, penetration, shielding
• Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei made up of 2 protons and2 neutrons
• Order the materials needed to shield alpha, beta, and gamma radiation based on their increasing thickness.

  1️⃣ Paper

  2️⃣ Aluminum sheet

  3️⃣ Thick lead
• Alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper.
• Beta particles can have a charge of +1 or -1.
• Beta radiation can be shielded by an aluminum sheet.
• Gamma rays have the highest penetration power among the three radiation types.
• Beta particles have medium penetration power and can be stopped by an aluminum sheet
• Gamma radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves
• Match the type of radiation with its penetration power:

  Alpha Radiation ↔️ Low

  Beta Radiation ↔️ Medium

  Gamma Radiation ↔️ High
• What material is sufficient to stop alpha particles?

  Paper
• Beta-plus particles are emitted when a proton decays into a neutron
• Gamma radiation has no charge and high penetration power
• Gamma radiation has no charge
• What is the composition of alpha radiation?

  Helium nuclei
• Match the type of radiation with its charge:

  Alpha ↔️ +2

  Beta ↔️ -1 or +1

  Gamma ↔️ 0
• Beta radiation consists of electrons or positrons
• Match the type of radiation with its effective shielding material:

  Alpha ↔️ Paper or skin

  Beta ↔️ Aluminum sheet

  Gamma ↔️ Thick lead or concrete