2.2.1 Solar System and the Universe

• What is the Solar System defined as?

  The Sun and orbiting objects
• What is the role of the Sun in the Solar System?

  It is the central star
• Match the galaxy type with its description:

  Spiral Galaxy ↔️ Has a central bulge and spiral arms

  Elliptical Galaxy ↔️ Smooth, egg-shaped with little gas

  Irregular Galaxy ↔️ No defined shape or structure
• The Solar System revolves around the central star known as the Sun
• The Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium
• What are the two main categories of planets in our Solar System?

  Terrestrial and gas giants
• Comets form a visible tail as they approach the Sun due to melting ice and dust.
• What are smaller rocky objects that orbit the Sun called?

  Asteroids
• The Sun is at the center of the Solar System.
• The Sun produces energy through nuclear fusion in its core.
• Gas giants have solid surfaces like terrestrial planets.

  False
• Steps in the formation of a comet's tail as it approaches the Sun

  1️⃣ Comet orbits the Sun in an elliptical path

  2️⃣ Ice and dust are released from the comet

  3️⃣ A visible tail forms due to solar radiation
• Large objects that orbit the Sun are called planets
• Asteroids are often found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
• Elliptical galaxies are elliptical in shape and lack spiral arms.
• Stages in the life cycle of a star

  1️⃣ Formation

  2️⃣ Main Sequence

  3️⃣ Red Giant

  4️⃣ Supernova (for massive stars)

  5️⃣ Neutron Star/Black Hole (for massive stars)
• The Big Bang theory proposes that the Universe began from a single, hot, and dense point.
• Match the Solar System component with its description:

  Sun ↔️ Central star of the Solar System

  Planets ↔️ Large objects orbiting the Sun

  Moons ↔️ Smaller objects orbiting planets

  Asteroids ↔️ Rocky objects orbiting the Sun

  Comets ↔️ Objects made of ice, rock, and dust
• All objects in the Solar System are gravitationally bound to the Sun.
• Moons orbit planets in the Solar System.
• What process produces energy in the Sun's core?

  Nuclear fusion
• Gas giants have no solid surfaces
• Arrange the components of the Solar System in order of decreasing size:

  1️⃣ Sun

  2️⃣ Planets

  3️⃣ Moons

  4️⃣ Asteroids

  5️⃣ Comets
• The gas giants in our Solar System have solid surfaces

  False
• Match the components of the Solar System with their descriptions:

  Sun ↔️ Central star of the Solar System

  Planets ↔️ Large objects orbiting the Sun

  Moons ↔️ Smaller objects orbiting planets

  Asteroids ↔️ Rocky objects orbiting the Sun
• The Sun produces energy through nuclear fusion
• Match the galaxy types with their descriptions:

  Spiral ↔️ Central bulge and spiral arms

  Elliptical ↔️ No spiral arms, elliptical shape

  Irregular ↔️ No defined shape, often smaller
• Irregular galaxies often lack a clear, defined shape
• Order the stages in the life cycle of a massive star:

  1️⃣ Formation

  2️⃣ Main Sequence

  3️⃣ Red Giant

  4️⃣ Supernova

  5️⃣ Neutron Star/Black Hole
• The expansion of the Universe causes light from distant galaxies to shift towards longer red wavelengths
• The Big Bang theory suggests the Universe began with a single, incredibly hot and dense point
• The planets in our Solar System are classified into terrestrial and gas giants.
• Order the stages in the life cycle of a star:

  1️⃣ Nebula

  2️⃣ Protostar

  3️⃣ Main Sequence Star

  4️⃣ Red Giant

  5️⃣ White Dwarf
• All components of the Solar System are gravitationally bound to the Sun.
• How does the Sun produce energy?

  Nuclear fusion in its core
• Match the planet category with its characteristics:

  Terrestrial Planets ↔️ Solid surfaces and high density

  Gas Giants ↔️ No solid surfaces and rings
• What is the central star of our Solar System?

  Sun
• Comets are made of ice, rock, and dust
• What is the approximate radius of the Sun in kilometers?

  696,000 km
• What are the two main categories of planets in our Solar System?

  Terrestrial and gas giants