acids , bases & salts

• Acidic solutions have pH values less than 7.
• Basic (alkaline) solutions have pH values greater than 7.
• Acids change the color of indicators like litmus.
• Neutral solutions have pH values equal to 7.
• Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
• The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that each whole number change represents a tenfold increase or decrease in acidity/basicity.
• The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is, with lower numbers indicating more acidity and higher numbers indicating more alkalinity.
• Indicators are substances that can be used to test whether an acid is present or not.
• A solution with a pH value of 6 has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of one with a pH value of 7.
• A solution with a pH value of 5 has one hundred times more hydrogen ions than one with a pH value of 7.
• Bases are substances that can neutralize an acid, forming water and salt.
• Salts are formed when an acid reacts with a base.
• The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is on a logarithmic scale from 0-14.
• A solution with a pH value of 4 has one thousand times more H+ ions than one with a pH value of 7.
• A neutral solution has a pH value of exactly 7.
• A basic solution has a pH value greater than 7.
• An acidic solution has a pH value less than 7.
• An acidic indicator will turn red when added to an acid.
• A basic indicator will turn blue when added to a base.
• An indicator changes color when it comes into contact with an acid or base.
• Weak acids only partially dissociate into their constituent ions.
• Stronger acids release more H+ ions than weaker ones.
• A solution with a pH value of 3 has ten thousand times more hydrogen ions than one with a pH value of 7.
• A solution with a pH value of 2 has one hundred thousand times more hydrogen ions than one with a pH value of 7.
• Acid + Base = Salt + Water
• Neutralization reactions involve the reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.
• An indicator is a substance that changes color depending on the pH level of a solution.
• Strong acids completely dissociate into H+ ions and their conjugate base (anion) in aqueous solutions.
• Acidic solutions have a pH below 7, while alkaline/basic solutions have a pH above 7.
• Strong Acid + Strong Base → Strong Salt + Water
• Weak Acid + Weak Base → Weak Salt + Water
• Strong acids completely dissociate into their component ions in aqueous solution.
• Basic (alkaline) solutions have a pH greater than 7.
• Basic solutions have low concentrations of hydrogen (H+) ions.
• Acidic solutions have high concentrations of hydrogen (H+) ions.
• Acid + Metal = Salt + Water
• Metal Carbonate + Acid = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
• Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen
• Indicators can be used as litmus paper (a strip of filter paper soaked in an indicator) or as liquid solutions.
• Acid strength is measured by its ability to conduct electricity.