Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Which organelles are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

  Chloroplasts
• What type of vacuole is present in plant cells?

  Large vacuole
• If a cell has lysosomes and centrosomes, what type of cell is it likely to be?

  Animal cell
• What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

  Prokaryotes have one chromosome, while eukaryotes have two or more different chromosomes
• How does the organization of DNA differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

  • Prokaryotes have a single circular DNA molecule
  • Eukaryotes have linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins and organized into chromosomes
• What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Photosynthesis
• What are the shared structures between plant and animal cells?

  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
• How do animal cells differ in structure compared to plant cells?

  They have flexible membranes
• Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic cells?

  In a nucleoid
• What types of organelles do eukaryotic cells contain?

  Membrane-bound organelles
• What is a common feature of prokaryotic DNA that is not found in eukaryotic DNA?

  Often have plasmids
• What is the shape of the DNA molecule in prokaryotes?

  circular
• Why are prokaryotic DNA molecules not associated with histone proteins?

  Because they are naked - no associated proteins
• Where does prokaryotic DNA float?

  In the cytoplasm
• What are the main differences in organization between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotes:
  • Simple organization
  • No organelles
  • Eukaryotes:
  • Complex organization
  • Many organelles
• How is the DNA organized in eukaryotic cells?

  • DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes
  • Nucleosomes are further coiled and condensed into chromosomes
  • Eukaryotic cells have two or more different chromosomes
• Why do plant cells have rigid walls?

  For support
• What is the role of histone proteins in eukaryotic DNA?

  They help wrap DNA into nucleosomes
• What are the main organelles found in a eukaryotic cell?

  • Membrane-Enclosed Nucleus
  • Mitochondrion
  • Ribosome
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
• How does compartmentalization contribute to the complexity of eukaryotic cells?

  It allows for specialized functions within organelles
• What is the main difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?

  • Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.
  • Eukaryotic cells have more complex internal structures and organelles.
• What are the key differences in genetic material organization between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

  • Prokaryotes: Circular DNA, naked, one structure in nucleoid, often have plasmids
  • Eukaryotes: Linear DNA, with histone proteins, multiple structures in nucleus, no plasmids
• What are prokaryotic cells characterized by?

  They lack a true nucleus
• What is the name of the small, membrane-bound structures found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that are involved in transport and communication?

  Exosome
• What is the function of the cell wall in some prokaryotes?

  • Provides structural support and protection for the cell.
• Why do eukaryotic cells require more complex organization?

  Due to their larger surface area:volume ratio
• Which of the following is a eukaryotic organism?

  A mushroom
• What is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

  Cell wall
• What is the typical size range of eukaryotic cells?

  10-100 μm
• Which type of organism is E. coli?

  Prokaryotic
• What organisms are classified as prokaryotes?

  Bacteria and archaea
• What unique organelles are found in animal cells?

  Lysosomes and centrosomes
• What is the name of the membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins and other cellular products?

  Golgi apparatus
• How does eukaryotic DNA interact with histone proteins?

  It wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes
• If you were to observe a cell with a rigid wall and chloroplasts, what type of cell would it be?

  Plant cell
• What is the name of the membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and other molecules?

  Endoplasmic Reticulum
• What is the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotes?

  • Contains the cell's DNA.
• What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

  Prokaryotes:

  • Circular DNA molecule
  • No associated proteins
  • Often have plasmids

  
  

  Eukaryotes:

  • Linear DNA molecule
  • Associated with histone proteins
  • No plasmids
  • Two or more different chromosomes
• What unique organelles are found in plant cells?

  Amyloplasts
• What are the main components of a eukaryotic cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Nuclear membrane
  • Cytoplasmic membrane
  • Mitochondrion
  • Chloroplast (in plants)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Ribosomes