4.3.1

• Economic Growth

  A sustained rise in a country's productive capacity

  An increase in the real value of GDP / GNI per capita

  Increases in the productivity of factors of production
• Economic Development

  Improvement in living standards

  Progress in expanding economic freedoms

  Sustained improvement in economic and social opportunities

  Growth in personal and national capabilities
• The Human Development Index (HDI)


  The HDI focuses on longevity, basic education and income. It is a broad composite measure of improvements in people's lives - it is a weighted index. Each of the 3 measures is given a value between 0 and 1, and then an average is taken of the 3 composite indicators to give an overall measure of development.

  • Knowledge
  • Long and healthy life
  • A decent standard of living
• HDI example countries

  Countries with the lowest HDI values include Niger, South Sudan, Chad and Sierra Leone. Countries with the highest HDI values include Norway, Switzerland, Australia and Ireland.
• Gender inequality and human development

  • The Gender Inequality HDI rankings includes indicators that reflect the extent to which there are deep and persistent imbalances in economic, social and political freedoms for women and girls in developed and developing countries
  • Rwanda has made significant progress in addressing gender inequalities - e.g. in Rwanda, female lawmakers make up 64% of parliament, outperforming a world average of one woman in five.
• Gender equality

  Denotes women having the same opportunities in life as men, including the ability to participate in the global sphere
• Gender equity

  Denotes the equivalence in life outcomes for women and men, recognising their different needs and interests