exam 1

• Compromise of 1877 – withdraws troops in the South, ends Reconstruction
• Reservations - often poor land and away from ancestral grounds, government promised protection and supplies
• Buffalo - begin to be hunted and slaughtered, important food source to the natives
• Dawes Severalty Act (1887) - ended reservations for natives and gave land to help establish citizenship
• Custer’s Last Stand – Little Big Horn, General Custer attacks the Sioux and loses, last big victory
• Carlisle School – institution the revolved around assimilating natives
• Frederick Jackson Turner – author of “Significance of the Frontier in American History”, thought that westward expansion depended on colonization
• Wounded Knee Massacre – a massacre of around 300 native men, women, and children
• Ghost Dance – religious practice that settlers deemed as dangerous
• Yellowstone National Park – first national park in the United States
• Cowboys – were hired to raise and maintain cattle, became a symbol of the frontier and individualism
• First Transcontinental Railroad connected the existing eastern U.S rail networks to the west coast, constructed between 1863 and 1869.
• Homestead Act of 1862 provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land.
• Silver Issue – advocates for the use of silver to lower the value of money and cause inflation.
• Thomas Edison – inventor of the light bulb and phonograph
• Henry Ford – mass produces cars on assembly lines
• Alexander Graham Bell – inventor of the telephone
• Andrew Carnegie – begins building steel plants
• Rockefeller – creates Standard Oil Company
• Vertical & Horizontal Integration – owning the entire process of manufacturing your product, buying competition of your industry
• Social Darwinism – the idea of natural selection and the rich being the most “fit”
• Knights of Labor – believed that the laborers should own the industries in which they labor
• American Federation of Labor – lead by Samuel Gompers, worked toward higher wages, less hours, and right to collective bargaining
• Eugene Debs – created Social Democratic Party of America
• Pullman Strike – a widespread railroad strike and boycott that disrupted rail traffic in the U.S
• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire - the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S
• “New South” - textiles, tobacco, and white supremacy are reigning
• Textile mills - a factory or facility that produces textiles from yarn or fabric into usable textiles
• Sharecropping - a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop
• Plessy v. Ferguson – upheld the idea of “separate but equal”
• Ida B. Wells – author of “Lynch Law in America”
• New Immigrants – immigrants arriving from Eastern and Western Europe
• Tenements - a type of building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor
• Booker T. Washington - educator and reformer, first president and principal developer of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
• George Washington Carver - American agricultural chemist, agronomist, and experimenter whose development of new products derived from peanuts
• W.E.B DuBois - American sociologist, socialist, historian, and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist
• Settlement houses - organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants
• Political machines & bosses – organizations who promised jobs and services in return for votes, people who ran the political machines – which ran the cities
• Gilded Age - “pretty on the outside, corrupt on the inside”
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act – made illegal every contract, combination in form of trust or conspiracy in the restraint of trade