unit 2 test

• During movement of flagella, ATP is hydrolyzed and converted to ADP and Pi
• The lack of mitochondrion is the reason why bacteria do respiration anaerobically.
• Due to Malate-aspartate Shuttle, the upper end of 38 ATP can be made rather than 36 ATP
• Under conditions of no O2, glycolysis stops if NAD+ is not regenerated.
• The hydrocarbon tail of fats undergo B-oxidation to yield acetyl-CoA.
• To become FADH2, FAD has undergone reduction.
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the method of ATP production in final stage of cell respiration.
• In Krebs cycle, acetyl combines with oxaloacetate.
• ATP synthase produces ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
• Phosphofructokinase regulating the rate of cell respiration through allosteric regulation.
• Electrochemical gradient is the difference in protons across inner mitochondrial membrane.
• Cytoplasm is where ethanol forms when no oxygen is present.
• 6 ATP are generated by 2 NADH molecules.
• AMP stimulates the rate of cell respiration.
• Phosphorylation makes molecules more reactive in early stages of glycolysis.
• Glycerol from fat digestion can go through glucogenesis to form glucose.
• Substrate-level phosphorylation produce ATP in glycolysis.
• 6 CO2 molecules are produced in 3 turns of Krebs cycle.
• Electrons + oxygen + H+ will produce water in the ETC.
• During conversion of pyruvate into acetaldehyde produces CO2.
• Glycerol-phosphate Shuttle allow NADH from glycolysis enters matrix and converts to FADH2 using this shuttle.
• Reduction and oxidation both happens to NADH dehydrogenase.
• Build up of citrate and ATP will put the brakes on cell respiration.
• Transport protein and coenzyme A deliver acetyl to the Krebs cycle.
• Ubiquinone is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
• Isomerase rearranges chemical structure of DHAP to G3P.
• Amino acids must first go through deamination before entering into the respiration pathway.
• The actual yield of ATP is 33 per glucose due to "leakiness" of H+
• water splits to produces

  oxygen: to be used for cell respiration

  Electrons: to replenish those lost by chlorophyll photoexcitation

  protons: to contribute to proton pool in thylakoid lumen
• Z protien: enzyme associated with photosystem II that helps spilt water
• B6-f complex: ETC component that brings protons from stroma into the thylakoid lumen.
• NADP reductase: ETC component that catalyzes the reduction of NADH+ to produce NADPH.
• ATP synthase: Chemiosmotic gradient that produces the proton motive force that motors the ATP synthase complex to produces ATP released into the stroma.
• A nucleic acid subunit is a nucleotide consisting of 3 parts:

  phosphate group, 5 carbon deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen base